BackgroundPulmonary embolism is an important cause of cardiovascular death. Inferior vena cava filters have been shown to be effective for prevention of this condition.ObjectivesTo determine the safety, performance and efficacy of a new inferior vena cava filter in an ovine model.MethodsBKone1 filters are self-centering with over-the-wire deployment, have three filtering regions and are made from nickel-titanium alloy. Eight of these filters were implanted in 8 sheep. The sheep were divided into 4 groups of two animals (A and B) and the number of clots injected differed by group. Two clots were injected in group 2, four in group 3, eight in group 4 and zero clots in group 1. A animals underwent euthanasia soon after the procedure and B animals were observed for 30 days and then euthanized after a control cavography. All inferior vena cavas were processed for histological examination. Clots were prepared in a metal mold, sectioned and then radiopaque markers were inserted. Clot capture was analyzed by identifying the radiopaque marker on fluoroscopy.ResultsNo clot migration was observed during follow-up. Control cavographies showed patent inferior vena cavas. Pathological examination indicated little inflammatory tissue response. All clots were captured in the condition with 2 clots, only one clot was missed in the group injected with 4 clots and in the condition of 8 clots, they were partly captured.ConclusionsThe filters were deployed safely. There was a reduction in efficacy as the number of blood clots increased.
Background: Type II endoleaks are common after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes of embolization of type II endoleaks using different techniques and materials. Methods: Between 2003 and 2015, 31 patients underwent embolization of type II endoleaks, in a total of 41 procedures. Patients underwent transarterial or translumbar embolization using Onyx
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