Additive Manufacturing (AM) for metals is a technology that has been increasingly standing out and showing a potential capable of revolutionizing the manufacturing process and eliminating many limitations of traditional processes, usually based on removal and forming of metals. It is one of the main relevant aspects of the transition towards Industry 4.0.However, as a new technology, relatively few studies addressing the implementation of metal AM in companies have been conducted. Consequently, few significant difficulties, such as the definition of the appropriate process, the choice of AM technology and which machines, product and process development, amongst other essential factors, may present in the way for such industrial revolution. In such scenario, the present study intends to identify the barriers of AM for metals adoption, highlighting two processes, Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) and Directed Energy Deposition (DED), present a proposal to overcome barriers, as well as develop a generic roadmap for the implementation of this technology in companies. The barriers were identified through a systematic literature review, and using the Design Research methodology the roadmap for adoption was developed to support and help to overcome the barriers, based on traditional and agile management models. After identifying the barriers and developing the roadmap, these were presented to experts in the field for evaluation through a questionnaire. The most critical barriers today have been highlighted and those not identified in the literature emphasized. The roadmap presenting the steps to AM adoption and the management practices were positively evaluated, being seen as a model that can guide the adoption of AM for metals in companies. Finally, this study aims to assist the implementation of MA for metals in companies from different sectors, increasingly bringing this technology to the national production system, revolutionizing the manufacturing processes, on the road to Industry 4.0.
Additive Manufacturing (AM), widely known as 3D printing, is a fabrication process to build 3D parts layer by layer directly from a virtual CAD model. It is an innovative technology, with the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing industry completely. It is possible to manufacture complex shaped parts, shortening production sequence, reducing time to market and allowing mass customization. As one of Industry 4.0 nine pillars, AM has promoted an extensive number of researches. Some of them identify organizational culture as a leading factor affecting its implementation in industries. Like any change within companies, organizational culture can be a decisive factor for the successful implementation of AM. However, few studies have thoroughly explored the subject to find which set of cultural characteristics can guide the whole organization. This research identifies, through a systematic literature review (SLR) based on the PRISMA Protocol, which set of cultural characteristics can guide the transition from conventional to AM technology. The systematic literature review was capable of identifying a set of 41 cultural characteristics, which the company should present to implement AM successfully. Knowing which cultural characteristics can help AM implementation companies will increase their chances of succeeding when moving towards AM technologies within Industry 4.0.
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