Adoção de Manufatura Aditiva (MA) para metais em empresas: identificação de barreiras e proposta de roteiro para implementação

Abstract

Additive Manufacturing (AM) for metals is a technology that has been increasingly standing out and showing a potential capable of revolutionizing the manufacturing process and eliminating many limitations of traditional processes, usually based on removal and forming of metals. It is one of the main relevant aspects of the transition towards Industry 4.0.However, as a new technology, relatively few studies addressing the implementation of metal AM in companies have been conducted. Consequently, few significant difficulties, such as the definition of the appropriate process, the choice of AM technology and which machines, product and process development, amongst other essential factors, may present in the way for such industrial revolution. In such scenario, the present study intends to identify the barriers of AM for metals adoption, highlighting two processes, Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) and Directed Energy Deposition (DED), present a proposal to overcome barriers, as well as develop a generic roadmap for the implementation of this technology in companies. The barriers were identified through a systematic literature review, and using the Design Research methodology the roadmap for adoption was developed to support and help to overcome the barriers, based on traditional and agile management models. After identifying the barriers and developing the roadmap, these were presented to experts in the field for evaluation through a questionnaire. The most critical barriers today have been highlighted and those not identified in the literature emphasized. The roadmap presenting the steps to AM adoption and the management practices were positively evaluated, being seen as a model that can guide the adoption of AM for metals in companies. Finally, this study aims to assist the implementation of MA for metals in companies from different sectors, increasingly bringing this technology to the national production system, revolutionizing the manufacturing processes, on the road to Industry 4.0.

A Quick Look Into the Additive Manufacturing in Brazil: First Impressions

“…AM is a technology used to produce parts through different forms of interactions with materials, heat sources and ways of carrying out the process, through digital models created in software [3]. The AM, from a 3D model, allows the manufacture of a solid part that is printed layer by layer and with efficient use of the amount of raw material, presenting several advantages when compared to manufacturing processes that are based on the removal of material or shape/geometry changes.…”

“…According to a study [3], the reasons why the technology is still under discussion are: amount of energy needed to carry out the process; lack of standardization and legal aspects; cost of consumable materials and its specifications; resistance by the industry to changes; lack of qualified labor and the cost of machines and its limitations. In addition to the cost of the process, its parameters and scale are the add-on factors that make it impossible to take a further step with regard to this sector in a national environment.…”

“…Authors [2] stated that additive manufacturing (AM) emerges as a new technological concept based on parts production through the addition of material layer by layer, enabling the use of necessary amount of material for the desired product, unlike of what is based on the production system. Even with great advances in the implementation of the use of AM in the world, there are some barriers such as the availability of specialized labor, machine cost, process quality, maintenance, process cost, software, production scale and process parameters, being these also challenges for the Brazilian scenario, as pointed out in research [3]. This happens even with the various advantages presented by this manufacturing process and reveals the need for further development in researches based on AM.…”

Comparison of Primary Energy Consumption Between Additive Manufacturing Processes and CNC Machining Applied to Components in the Oil and Gas Sector

“…Over the years, research into technologies that enable production with significant gains, reduced material used, improved customization, and reduced product availability time on the market has increased [1]. Thus, additive manufacturing (AM) emerged in this scenario, subsequently being considered an ally in reducing environmental impacts by generating less waste of raw materials and fewer emissions than other more traditional processes.…”