Violence against women attending public health services in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of (physical, psychological, and sexual) violence against women by an intimate partner and non-partner perpetrators among users of public health services and to compare these women's perception of having ever experienced violence with reports of violence in their medical records in the different services studied. METHODS:The study was conducted in 19 health services, selected as a convenience sample and grouped into nine research sites, in metropolitan area of São Paulo from 2001 to 2002. Questionnaires on having ever experienced violence in their lifetime and in the last 12 months and perpetrators were applied to a sample of 3,193 users aged 15 to 49. A total of 3,051 medical records were reviewed to verify the notifi cation of violence. Comparative analyses were performed by Anova with multiple comparisons and Chi-square test followed by its partition. RESULTS:The following prevalences were found: any type of violence 76% (95% CI: 74.2;77.8); psychological 68.9% (95% CI: 66.4;71.4); physical 49.6% (95% CI: 47.7;51.4); physical and/or sexual 54.8% (95% CI: 53.1;56.6), and sexual 26% (95% CI: 24.4;28.0). The prevalence of physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner in their lifetime was 45.3% (95% CI: 43.5;47.1), and by non-partners was 25.7% (95% CI: 25.0;26.5). Only 39.1% of women reporting any episode of violence perceived they had ever experienced violence in their lifetime and 3.8% of them had any reports of violence in their medical records. The prevalences were signifi cantly different between sites as well as the proportion of perception and reports of violence in medical records. CONCLUSIONS:The expected high magnitude of the event and its invisibility was confi rmed by low rate of reports in the medical records. Few perceived abuses as violence. Further studies are recommended taking into account the diversity of service users.
Atenção integral à saúde de mulheres em situação de violência de gênero -uma alternativa para a atenção primária em saúdeComprehensive health (care) services to women in gender violence situation -an alternative to primary health care
É difícil o relato de violência sofrida por mulheres. Trata-se da invisibilidade da violência que afeta as relações usuárias - profissionais, criando impasses comunicacionais. Buscou-se caracterizar este silêncio, estudando usuárias de atenção primária na rede pública de São Paulo, quanto a prevalência de violência, a percepção de ter sofrido violência, a definição de violência em geral e a nomeação dada por quem a experimentou. Entrevistaram-se 322 usuárias de 15 a 49 anos, sobre agressões física, sexual e/ou psicológica, o agressor, e a percepção de ter sofrido violência, solicitando-se o relato de um episódio marcante, o nome que daria a este e a definição de violência em geral. Das entrevistadas, 69,6% referiram alguma agressão física, psicológica ou sexual e, destas, 63,4% não consideraram haver sofrido violência na vida; 64,3% relataram algum episódio marcante e 46,5% atribuíram um nome ao vivido. A definição de violência mais comum foi a de agressão física (78,8%), seguida pela psicológica (39,7%) e sexual (24,2%). Conclui-se que a maioria das mulheres que referiu alguma agressão não considerou haver sofrido violência na vida. Houve grande dificuldade em contar episódios e nomeá-los, e apesar de a maioria desses episódios serem do âmbito doméstico, na definição de violência esta referência não aparece.
O objetivo desta investigação é estimar a prevalência da violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação entre usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde da Grande São Paulo e verificar sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, de saúde reprodutiva, sexual e mental. A estratégia metodológica deste estudo consistiu na realização de entrevistas estruturadas (questionário) com 1.922 usuárias, entre 15 e 49 anos, em 14 serviços públicos de saúde. A análise dos dados revelou que 20% das usuárias que já engravidaram (IC95% 18,2 a 21,8) referem algum episódio de violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação. Em análise multivariada, observou-se que 'ter sofrido violência psicológica e física perpetrada por familiar', 'início da vida sexual antes dos 19 anos', 'recusa de uso de camisinha pelo parceiro', 'Transtorno Mental Comum' e 'não coabitar com parceiro' são fatores associados à violência na gestação. Conclui-se que a alta prevalência da violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação, sua associação com diversos fatores de saúde sexual, reprodutiva e mental são resultados que indicam a relevância de se tomar a violência como questão de saúde.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and children's dysfunctional behaviors and school problems. METHODS:Population-based study part of the WHO Multicountry Study on Domestic Violence Against Women including 790 women living with their children aged fi ve to 12 years in two different regions of Brazil: the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, and Zona da Mata area in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Three multivariate models were developed to estimate the strength of the relationship between explanatory variables such as social and community support, stressful events of life, sociodemographic factors and "IPV severity," among others, and three outcomes: number of dysfunctional behaviors; aggressive behavior; and school problems (interruption, drop out or failure). RESULTS:Exposure to severe physical and/or sexual IPV was associated to school problems, behavioral dysfunctions in general and aggressive behaviors in the univariate analysis. Exposure to severe IPV against women was associated to the occurrence of three or more dysfunctional behaviors in their children, regardless of common mental disorder, low schooling, physical IPV against maternal grandmother, social and community support in the multivariate models. Severe IPV remained associated to aggressive behavior and school problems after adjustment for other sociodemographic variables, among others. Maternal mental health status was identifi ed as a mediating factor between IPV exposure and dysfunctional behaviors, especially aggressive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS:Severe IPV affects children's behaviors and should be addressed in health policies for school-aged children through the development of common interventions for mothers and children.
AgradecimentosAgradeço algumas pessoas e instituições que colaboraram para a realização deste trabalho:A Lilia que além da cuidadosa orientação, proporcionou-me enorme aprendizado ao longo dos últimos cinco anos.A Ana Flávia pelo apoio na elaboração deste trabalho e pela importante influência no meu interesse no tema da violência e do cuidado em saúde.A Andréia Nascimento pela assessoria na execução da presente análise epidemiológica.Aos membros da banca de qualificação que fizeram sugestões e comentários bastante enriquecedores à dissertação: Ana Flávia D´Oliveira, Isabel Bordin e Paulo Menezes.Às mulheres entrevistadas que gentilmente aceitaram o convite para participar da pesquisa e relatar suas histórias.Aos profissionais da Casa Eliane de Grammond, da Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher e do CSESBP, em especial àqueles que trabalham no Confad, pela colaboração na busca por mulheres entrevistadas.A todo grupo de pesquisa que participou desta empreitada direta ou indiretamente: Lígia, Adriana, Márcia, Heloisa, Wagner, Ricardo, Diane e Andréia.Aos meus pais, principal influência no meu gosto pela vida acadêmica e pela pesquisa.Ao Tiago, pelo companheirismo nos momentos mais importantes de minha vida.Às agências financiadoras: Fapesp e CNPQ.
Library music is currently used in countless audio-visual contexts, from documentaries to YouTube videos. It has become an essential resource for video editors and a relevant source of revenue for composers. Although this pre-existing music is rapidly gaining significance and more varied uses, it still has a reputation in musicological scholarship of being uninteresting and stereotyped. By organising their music in neatly labelled drawers, library music catalogues appear to present a vision of sonorities closely aligned with narratives and images. However, the very same piece may sometimes be heard in widely different contexts. Drawing from an examination of the catalogues of two European library music companies, Audio Network and Cézame, as well as from interviews with composers and music consultants, I focus on how the categories, titles, and descriptions of library music tracks play a relevant role, even a decisive element, in their composition and subsequent use. Taking as examples such categories as ‘romantic’ and ‘erotic’, it is possible to show that these texts reflect and, simultaneously, reinforce widespread narrative and musical conventions in cinema and television. Such classifications potentially contribute to negative views about library music, by making apparent its fundamental organisation around standardised categories and recurrent musical clichés.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.