Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre estratégias atuais utilizadas para o ensino da empatia na graduação médica. Métodos: Pesquisou-se artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Eric. Descritores: (Empathy) AND (Teaching or academic training or educational technic or educational technics or teaching method or teaching methods) AND (Medical student or medical students or student, medical). Foram incluídos artigos publicados em inglês ou português; a partir de 2016; com estudantes de medicina; e palavra “Empatia” no título. Os dados foram extraídos por dois revisores de forma independente, considerando-se: nome do artigo, ano/ país da publicação, amostra, intervenção utilizada, instrumento de avaliação da empatia, resultados e conclusão. Resultados: 16 artigos selecionados classificados em: “Arte” - teatro, literatura, cinema e interpretação de imagens; “Reflexão” atividades reflexivas grupais ou individuais sobre uma consulta médica; “Curso de Comunicação” incluiu cursos ou workshops sobre comunicação empática; “Interação com o Paciente” interação com pacientes reais, virtuais, atores ou por meio de role-play; e “Tecnologia” com estratégias virtuais. Considerações Finais: A empatia é passível de ser ensinada, sendo as estratégias mais efetivas aquelas que abordam os aspectos emocionais e cognitivos. Métodos de ensino combinados e longitudinais sugerem ser mais benéficos para a consolidação do aprendizado.
CONCLUSIONS:This case highlights a rare and severe presentation of childhood idiopathic extra hepatic portal vein obstruction and the successful TIPS procedure for long-term management or potential bridge to transplantation.
No abstract
Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): The researchers themselves. Background Cardiorespiratory Arrest (CRP) is a medical emergency that requires urgent aid as well as technical skills to initiate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) maneuvers, primarily among the lay population, seeing as the majority of CRP episodes take place in community environments. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the Basic Life Support (BLS) skills of high school students before and after a theoretical-practical approach. Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted, consisting of theoretical-practical training on BLS running 60 minutes total (20 minutes of theory and 40 minutes of practice), addressing various steps in layman’s out-of-hospital BLS. Evaluations were conducted before and after training. The instrument was developed by the researchers themselves and underwent a previous validation process. The statistical software employed for the purpose of analyzing the data was SPSS version 21.0 for Windows. At the outset, descriptive statistics were employed to present the data, as well as the Wilcoxon test to compare the results of questionnaires taken before and after the intervention. Results: The sample consisted of 322 students from private institutions in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The median age was 16.0 years, with an interquartile interval (IQ) of 2 years, with 181 (56.2%) students being female and 141 (43.8%) male. The before and after results revealed statistically significant differences in performance: pre-training – median = 5 points, IQ = 2 points; post training – 9 points, IQ = 2 points; p < 0.0001. Conclusion: The conduction of theoretical-practical classes was followed by an increase in correct answers to the BLS questionnaire. The results suggest that simple educational strategies might aid in the training of lay young people to respond correctly to CRP scenarios.
Resumo A heterogeneidade e vulnerabilidade da população em situação de rua revelam a complexidade de viver nessa condição e exige que o Estado tenha papel fundamental na oferta de políticas de saúde e assistência social. O objetivo do estudo, a partir de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, foi avaliar a intersetorialidade entre políticas de saúde, proteção social e ações da sociedade civil organizada para a população em situação de rua no Brasil. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases SciELO, Lilacs e PubMed, sendo selecionados dez artigos, publicados entre 2004-2021, todos de caráter qualitativo. Observou-se indícios da intersetorialidade entre as políticas para a população em situação de rua, descritas principalmente como uma ponte de acesso entre os serviços ofertados. Entretanto, as intervenções ainda são pouco exploradas e sistematizadas. Nesse sentido, recomenda-se que estudos de impacto voltados à avaliação de políticas públicas intersetoriais sejam desenvolvidos para que se permita a avaliação da efetividade da intersetorialidade entre os serviços de saúde, assistência social e sociedade civil organizada na qualidade de vida da população em situação de rua.
Context: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by continuous or intermittent spasmodic movements at the facial nerve motor territory.1,2,3 It mainly affects middle- aged adults and usually occurs by compression of the facial nerve by anomalous vascular loops of the anteroinferior and vertebral cerebellar artery.2,3,4,5 The arachnoid cyst at the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is an rare cause of HFS, especially in children. Case report: A six-year-old female patient started presenting at 18 months HFS on the right side. She was initially treated with anticonvulsant without improvement. The patient came to our care at the age of six presenting 2-3 HFS per day and remissions lasting 3-4 weeks. Image exams reveled a CPA arachnoid cyst compressing the VII and VIII nerves complex. Surgical drainage of the cyst was performed as the treatment of choice. In postoperative period, the patient presented remission of HFS, and cranial tomography showed a decrease in cyst volume. In three months, there was remission of the signs without use of any medications. Conclusions: There was no report of arachnoid cyst in CPA as a cause of HFS in children. HFS occurs probably by chronic irritation, since birth, because of the contact of arachnoid cyst in the emergence of the VII and VIII nerves complex in the PCA. Therefore, treatment was chosen according to the cause of HFS. Movement disorder as a clinical manifestation of the cyst is rare, especially in pediatric population, and should be considered as one of the diagnostic hypotheses.
Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): The researchers themselves. Background Cardiorespiratory Arrest (CRP) is a medical emergency that requires urgent aid as well as technical skills to initiate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) maneuvers, primarily among the lay population, seeing as the majority of CRP episodes take place in community environments. Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the Basic Life Support (BLS) skills of high school students before and after a theoretical-practical approach. Method A quasi-experimental study was conducted, consisting of theoretical-practical training on BLS running 60 minutes total (20 minutes of theory and 40 minutes of practice), addressing various steps in layman’s out-of-hospital BLS. Evaluations were conducted before and after training. The instrument was developed by the researchers themselves and underwent a previous validation process. The statistical software employed for the purpose of analyzing the data was SPSS version 21.0 for Windows. At the outset, descriptive statistics were employed to present the data, as well as the Wilcoxon test to compare the results of questionnaires taken before and after the intervention. Results The sample consisted of 322 students from private institutions in Brazil. The median age was 16.0 years, with an interquartile interval (IQ) of 2 years, with 181 (56.2%) students being female and 141 (43.8%) male. The before and after results revealed statistically significant differences in performance: pre-training – median = 5 points, IQ = 2 points; post training – 9 points, IQ = 2 points; p < 0.0001. Conclusion: The conduction of theoretical-practical classes was followed by an increase in correct answers to the BLS questionnaire. The results suggest that simple educational strategies might aid in the training of lay young people to respond correctly to CRP scenarios.
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