RESUMELa couverture des besoins nutritionnels des cobayes domestiques au Cameroun demeure un challenge surtout qu'ils sont essentiellement nourris aux graminées fourragères. La supplémentation de leur ration par des légumineuses fourragères peut améliorer leur productivité. L'objectif de ce travail est donc d'améliorer l'alimentation de ces animaux à travers la diversification des sources de protéine de la ration. Pour cet essai, 48 femelles ont préalablement été mises en croisement avec 8 mâles pendant une période de 31 jours selon un dispositif factoriel de quatre lots comptant 12 femelles chacun. Chaque lot recevait Panicum maximum ad libitum associé à 20 g/j/animal de l'aliment composé sans légumineuse (PM), contenant Arachis glabrata (PM-AG), Calliandra calothyrsus (PM-CC) ou Desmodium intortum (PM-DI). Les résultats montrent qu'aucune différence significative (P >0,05) n'a été observée entre les traitements de la naissance au sevrage pour les poids moyens des femelles allaitantes. A la naissance et au sevrage, les poids moyens les plus élevés des cochonnets étaient respectivement de 84,85 g et 170,67 g obtenu avec les animaux du lot PM-DI. Tenant compte de leur régime herbivore, les légumineuses de cette étude peuvent être utilisées comme sources de protéine pour l'alimentation des cobayes en milieu rural sans affecter leurs performances de production. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Légumineuses fourragère, Panicum maximum, cobayes, performances de croissance.Pre-weaning growth of cavies feed on Panicum maximum supplemented with diet containing Arachis glabrata, Calliandra calothyrsus or Desmodium intortum E. MIEGOUE et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(1): 313-325, 2016 314 ABSTRACT Domestic cavies in Cameroon are essentially feed on graminaceous forages and then, to afford their nutrient requirement become a real challenge. The supplementation of their diet by leguminous forages can improve their productivity. This work aimed at improving cavies feeding through diversification of protein sources. For this trial, 48 female cavies were first put in breeding with 8 males for 31 days and then organized in a factorial design into four groups of 12 females each. Each groups received Panicum maximum ad libitum associated to 20 g/day/animal of mixed food without leguminous forages (PM), or mixed feed containing Arachis glabrata (PM-AG), Calliandra calothyrsus (PM-CC) or Desmodium intortum (PM-DI). Results reveal no significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatments for the mean weekly live weighs of the breast-feeding females from parturition to weaning. At birth, the higher average live weight of young cavies was 84,85 g obtained with animal of group receiving the diet containing D. intortum. It was the same at weaning with the same group that has average weight of 170.67 g. Leguminous forages used in this trial can be included as protein sources in cavies feed in rural landscape without affecting their production performances.

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The study of the effect of added quantity of the essential oil of Callistemon viminalis on the in vivo digestibility of Pennisetum clandestinum and some biochemical parameters on the West African Dwarf goat was conducted with nine old West African Dwarf goats. After the adaptation period, each animal received 900 and 100 g/day of Pennisetum clandestinum hay and concentrate respectively, associated with 0, 100 or 200 mg essential oil/kg of DM. The samples of 100 g of each ration, faeces and 10 ml of urine were collected and analyzed for chemical composition and the evaluation of ingestion and digestibility. Also blood samples were obtained from jugular vein of all goats after in vivo digestibility test for the dosage of biochemical parameters. The results of this study show that the ingestion of dry matter, organic matter and the fibers were significantly (p < 0.05) higher on the goat with the ration FPc + HECv200. The digestibilities of these same components were equally higher with the ration FPc + HECv200 (71.00% and 69.00% respectively for the dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM)). Retained (5.64 g/j) and digested (51.33) nitrogen were significantly (p < 0.05) higher with the ration FPc + HECv200. The values of blood metabolites studied increased significantly (p < 0.05) with added quantity of essential oil in the rations, except for albumin, globulin, glucose and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In general, the incorporation of essential oils of Callistemon viminalis in the ration improved

A study on the acaricidal properties of foam soap containing the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves was carried out on Rhipicephalus lunulatus. Four doses (0.03, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.12 µL of essential oil per gram of soap) and a control (soap without essential oil) with four replications for each treatment were used for in vitro trial. Each replication consisted of 10 ticks in a Petri dish with filter paper impregnated with the foam soap on the bottom. Following in vitro trials, three doses (0.06, 0.09, and 0.12 µL/g) and the control in two replications were selected for in vivo test based on mortality rate recorded from the in vitro trial. Each replication was made up of 10 goats naturally infested with ticks. Results show that soap containing essential oil is toxic to R. lunulatus. The in vivo mortality rate in the control on day 8 was 22.69% whereas the highest dose (0.12 µL/g) killed 96.29% of the ticks on day 8. The LD50 of the foam soap containing essential oil was 0.037 and 0.059 µL/g on day 2 in the laboratory and on the farm, respectively. This indicates the potentially high efficiency of this medicated soap on this parasite.

Objective: This study is conducted, to know the chemical composition at different periods of the dry season, of four major fodder shrubs (Albizia lebbeck, Leucaena leucocephala, Morinda lucida and Senna siamea), used to supplement poor fodders in animal feed, in the conditions of southeast Gabon. Methodology and results:The leaves of each species were harvested at the beginning, at mid-season and at the end of dry season. They were dried and crushed to determine their chemical composition. The results showed that, with A. lebbeck, the levels of DM obtained at mid-season and the end that one, were higher (P<0.05) than at the first harvest. The levels of DM and CP obtained at mid-season and the end of dry season, with L. leucocephala were higher (p<0.05) than those observed at beginning. Variations of DM and CP levels of M. lucida leaves and DM content of S. siamea leaves were not significant (p>0.05). In addition, catechic tannins were not found in the leaves of S. siamea. However, the variations of this tannins type, observed in the leaves of L. leucocephala, M. lucida and A. lebbeck were not significant (p>0.05). On the other hand, the contents of gallic tannins measured in the leaves of S. siamea decreased at the end of the dry season (p<0.05). Conclusion:Finally, it appears that these species showed few variations in protein, cellulose and tannins throughout the dry season. Taking into account the results obtained, the shrub species studied could constitute good forage in supplementation of poor grass in the dry season. However, L. leucocephala and S. siamea should be used with much moderation for the feeding of ruminants, given the presence of gallic tannins in their leaves. Nevertheless, it would be important to study the digestibility of these forages in the dry season.