A series of nanocomposite materials that consisted of emeraldine base of polyaniline and
layered montmorillonite (MMT) clay were prepared by effectively dispersing the inorganic
nanolayers of MMT clay in organic polyaniline matrix via in-situ polymerization. Organic
aniline monomers were first intercalated into the interlayer regions of organophilic clay
hosts and followed by an one-step oxidative polymerization. The as-synthesized polyaniline−clay lamellar nanocomposite materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Polyaniline−clay
nanocomposites (PCN) in the form of coatings with low clay loading (e.g., 0.75 wt %) on
cold-rolled steel (CRS) were found much superior in corrosion protection over those of
conventional polyaniline based on a series of electrochemical measurements of corrosion
potential, polarization resistance, and corrosion current in 5 wt % aqueous NaCl electrolyte.
The molecular weights of polyaniline extracted from PCN materials and bulk polyaniline
were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Effects of the material
composition on the gas barrier property, thermal stability, and mechanical strength of
polyaniline along with PCN materials, in the form of both fine powder and free-standing
film, were also studied by gas permeability measurements, differential scanning calorimetry,
thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis.
A series of α,ω-aldehyde end-capped oligomers of
thiophene with three, four, five, six, and
eight thiophene units have been synthesized using the
palladium-catalyzed Stille's coupling
reactions. The UV−vis spectral data indicate that these aldehyde
end-capped oligomers
have longer conjugation lengths as evidenced by the higher
λmax values than the corresponding
unsubstituted oligothiophenes. The λmax value
increases as the number of thiophene units
is increased. The intrinsic conductivity of the solution-cast
films of the aldehyde end-capped
oligothiophenes is generally higher than that of their corresponding
unsubstituted counterparts. Other α,ω-substituted sexithiophenes, such as
n-dodecanoyl,
tert-butyldimethylsilyl,
hydroxymethyl, and
[(n-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]methyl sexithiophenes,
have also been synthesized.
α,ω-Bis([(n-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]methyl)sexithiophene
has a remarkably high
solubility in chloroform (1.8 g/L) and a conductivity (1 ×
10-6 S/cm) comparable to the
unsubstituted sexithiophene.
A series of electronically conductive nanocomposite materials that consisted of soluble polypyrrole (PPY) and layered montmorillonite (MMT) clay platelets were prepared by effectively dispersing the inorganic nanolayers of MMT clay in organic PPY matrix via an in situ oxidative polymerization with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) as dopant. Organic pyrrole monomers were first intercalated into the interlayer regions of organophilic clay hosts and followed by a one-step oxidative polymerization. The as-synthesized electronically conductive polypyrroleclay nanocomposite (PCN) materials were then characterized by Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PCNs in the form of coatings with low clay loading (e.g., 1.0 wt %) on cold-rolled steel (CRS) were found to exhibit much better in corrosion protection over those of pristine PPY based on a series of electrochemical measurements including corrosion potential, polarization resistance, and corrosion current in 5 wt % aqueous NaCl electrolyte. Effects of the material composition on the thermal stability, optical properties, and electrical conductivity of pristine PPY along with PCN materials, in the form of fine powder, powder-pressed pellet, and solution, were also studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-visible absorption spectra, and four-point probe technique, respectively. The viscosity of PPY existed in PCN materials and pristine PPY were determined by viscometric analysis with m-cresol as solvent. The heterogeneous nucleating effect of MMT clay platelets in PPY matrix was studied by wideangle powder XRD. The corresponding morphological images of the nucleating behavior of clay platelets in PPY matrix were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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