Composites of Electronically Conductive Polyaniline with Polyacrylate-Silica Hybrid Sol-Gel Materials

Wei, Yen; Yeh, Jui‐Ming; Jin, Danliang; Jia, Xinru; Wang, Jianguo; Jang, Guang‐Way; Chen, Chengchang; Gumbs, Ronald W.

doi:10.1021/cm00053a024

Cited by 116 publications

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“…Finally, the more technologically relevant applications devised for these high performance materials are discussed. : nanocomposites, hybrid materials, polyimide, silica, sol-gel eXPRESS Polymer Letters Vol.3, No.7 (2009) [413][414][415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428] Available online at www.expresspolymlett.com DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2009.51 or as functional materials [14] such as catalyst supports [15] and microelectronic devices [16]. The sol-gel route represents the preferred way for the synthesis of polyimide based hybrids.…”

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confidence: 99%

Polyimide/silica hybrids via the sol-gel route: High performance materials for the new technological challenges

Ragosta¹,

Musto²

2009

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The present review article describes in detail the state-of-the-art of organic-inorganic hybrid materials based on polyimide/silica components. The article is divided in three parts. In the first the basic processing route for the preparation of these systems is described, i.e. the sol-gel technique, along with the strategies developed to control the final morphology. In the second part the curing characteristics, the dynamic-mechanical and the mechanical and fracture properties of hybrids with different morphologies are reviewed. Finally, the more technologically relevant applications devised for these high performance materials are discussed. : nanocomposites, hybrid materials, polyimide, silica, sol-gel eXPRESS Polymer Letters Vol.3, No.7 (2009) [413][414][415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428] Available online at www.expresspolymlett.com DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2009.51 or as functional materials [14] such as catalyst supports [15] and microelectronic devices [16]. The sol-gel route represents the preferred way for the synthesis of polyimide based hybrids. The classical sol-gel process consists in a two step hydrolysis-condensation reaction, starting with a metal alkoxides M(OR) 4 , typically tetraethoxisilane Si(OCH 2 CH 3 ) 4 or titanium isopropoxide Ti[OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ] 4 , to produce hydroxyl groups followed by the polycondensation of the hydroxyl groups and residual alkoxy groups to form a three-dimensional network [5,[17][18][19][20][21]. Polyimides are particularly suited for this type of process because they can be obtained from polyamic acid precursors, which are soluble in hygroscopic solvents and can, therefore, tolerate the addition of water necessary to bring about the hydrolysis of the metal alkoxide. Moreover, the outstanding thermal stability of polyimides allows the hybrids to be post-cured at very high temperatures (300-350°C) making it possible the development of a very dense inorganic network without inducing appreciable degradation of the organic phase. Polyimide/silica hybrids made by the sol-gel technique are the subject of this review, in which the approaches used for a close control of their final morphology, the effects of the silica phase on the curing process of polyimide precursors, the dynamic-mechanical and the mechanical and fracture properties that these materials can display, and their possible applications will be presented and discussed. Keywords Processing and morphologyA typical procedure for the preparation of PI/silica hybrids via the sol-gel route, involves the following steps: i) The polyamic acid (PAA) (PI precursor) is formed by a polyaddition reaction of a dianhydride [e.g., pyromellitic anhydride (PMDA), 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), or 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxy-phenyl)-hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA)] with a diamine [e.g., 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), or p-phenylen diamine (PPA)] in a common solvent [e.g., dimethylacetamide (DMAc), or N-methyl pyrolidone (NMP)]. The reaction and chemical str...

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confidence: 99%

Polyimide/silica hybrids via the sol-gel route: High performance materials for the new technological challenges

Ragosta¹,

Musto²

2009

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…After burning, the content of P increases from 0.08% to 1.7% and the content of Si increases from 1.9% to 11.4%. Under heating, phosphorus-containing groups first decompose to form a phosphorus-rich residue layer through an acid-induced dehydration mechanism [16,17] which helps to prevent further thermal degradation of the UP polymer. In the same time, silica is driven to the surface of sample due to low surface energy to enhance resistance oxidation of the char.…”

Section: Characterization Of Up-dismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is to improve the compatibility using the covalent bonds between the two phases. These polymer hybrids are prepared by the sol-gel reaction in the presence of alkoxysilane-modified organic polymers [15,16]. Another is to introduce physical interaction such as hydrogen bonding [17], π-π stacking [18], and ionic [19] interactions between organic polymer and silica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardance and thermal properties of a novel phosphorus-containing unsaturated polyester resin/SiO2 hybrid nanocomposite

et al. 2009

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A novel phosphorus-containing unsaturated polyester resin/SiO 2 hybrid nanocomposite was prepared from the in-situ curing of unsaturated polyester resin (UP) and triethoxysilane (DI) which was synthesized from the nucleophilic addition reaction of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) and 3-(trieoxysilyl) isocyanate(icteos). The formation of unsaturated polyester resin/SiO 2 hybrid nanocomposite (UP-DI) was confirmed by infrared spectra (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the increase of DI contents, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the cured UP-DIs was raised from 19 to 29, suggesting a significant improvement in flame retardance. The improved flame retardance could also be revealed by the variations of weight and morphology of char residues. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) both in air and in nitrogen was used to estimate mechanism of thermal degradation and activation energy (E a ) of different degree of conversion (α) was calculated by Ozawa's method. The UP-DI containing 10%DI (UP-DI10) had higher E a than the pure UP as α>5% because the degradation mechanism was altered by the incorporation of DI.

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“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The unique properties of hybrid materials become more pronounced when at least one of the fractions occurs in nanometric scale. Nanocomposites in which the polymer fraction occurs in nanometric scale can be obtained by the encapsulation of conducting polymers within void spaces of inorganic host matrices such as pores, cavities, tunnels, micelles and interlayer domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic/inorganic hybrid materials formed from TiO2 nanoparticles and polyaniline

Schnitzler¹,

Zarbin²

2004

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este artigo descreve a síntese e caracterização de diferentes híbridos orgânico/inorgânicos formados entre a polianilina e o óxido de titânio. O método de preparação é baseado no processo sol-gel, partindo do isopropóxido de titânio como precursor. Duas rotas sintéticas visando a obtenção dos híbridos foram utilizadas, baseadas na mistura da anilina no meio reacional antes ou após a formação do óxido. Diferentes quantidades de anilina foram utilizadas visando compreender este efeito nas características do material final formado. As amostras foram caracterizadas por análise térmica, difratometria de raios-X, espectroscopias Raman, UV-Vis em modo refletância difusa e IV-TF, além de voltametria cíclica. Os resultados indicaram que os diferentes procedimentos experimentais foram bem sucedidos na obtenção de híbridos formados por nanopartículas de TiO 2 (estrutura anatase) e polianilina em sua forma condutora, sal esmeraldina. Não foram detectadas grandes diferenças entre as amostras obtidas através das duas rotas sintéticas utilizadas, exceto pela quantidade de polímero formada nos materiais. This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of organic/inorganic hybrid materials formed from TiO 2 nanoparticles and polyaniline (PANI). The preparation method is based on a solgel technique using titanium tetra-isopropoxide as oxide precursor, and two synthetic routes to the hybrids formation were employed, based on the addition of aniline after or before the sol formation. Different amounts of aniline were used to verify this effect on the characteristics of the formed materials. Samples were characterized by electronic spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and cyclic voltammetry. Results show that the different experimental routes are successful to produce hybrids formed by oxides nanoparticles and polyaniline in its conducting form, the emeraldine salt. There are no strong differences between the samples obtained by the two synthetic routes employed, except by the amount of polymer in the final material. Keywords: sol-gel method, polyaniline, nanocomposites IntroductionInterest in the development of new inorganic/organic (nano)composites has grown in recent years due to a wide range of potential use of these materials.1-10 These hybrids constitute a class of advanced composite materials with unusual properties, which can be used in many fields such as optics, ionics, electronics, mechanics etc.One important class of hybrid materials is that in which the organic fraction is composed by conducting polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI) or polypyrrole. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The unique properties of hybrid materials become more pronounced when at least one of the fractions occurs in nanometric scale. Nanocomposites in which the polymer fraction occurs in nanometric scale can be obtained by the encapsulation of conducting polymers within void spaces of inorganic host matrices such as pores, cavities, tunnels, micelles and inte...

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Composites of Electronically Conductive Polyaniline with Polyacrylate-Silica Hybrid Sol-Gel Materials

Cited by 116 publications

References 0 publications

Polyimide/silica hybrids via the sol-gel route: High performance materials for the new technological challenges

Polyimide/silica hybrids via the sol-gel route: High performance materials for the new technological challenges

Flame retardance and thermal properties of a novel phosphorus-containing unsaturated polyester resin/SiO2 hybrid nanocomposite

Organic/inorganic hybrid materials formed from TiO2 nanoparticles and polyaniline

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