Experiments were carried out with citrus (Citrus reticulate) and tea (Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel.) to study the effects of compound fertilizers on their yields and quality. In the citrus experiment, application of compound fertilizers increased available P, K and Mg contents in soil but decreased alkali-hydrolyzable N contents in soil and N, P and K contents in leaves. In the tea experiment, application of compound fertilizers increased available P, K and Mg contents in soil and N, P, K and Mg contents in leaves but decreased alkali-hydrolyzable N in soil compared with the urea treatment. Application of compound fertilizers could improve the quality of citrus and tea, increase their yields and enhance their economical profits significantly. Compared with the control, application of compound fertilizers increased citrus yields by 6.31, 12.94 and 17.69 t/ha, and those of tea by 0.51, 0.86 and 1.30 t/ha, respectively. Correspondingly, profits were increased by 21.4% to 61.1% for citrus and by 10.0% to 15.7% for tea. Optimal rates of compound fertilizers were recommended for both crops.
Several Fusarium species occurred abundantly in spring cereal seed samples studied in 1966, 1968 and 1972 in Finland. A total of 17 species of Fusarium were isolated m d identified. The most frequently isolated species were F. avenuceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. poae (Peck) Wr. and F. tticinctum (Cda) Sacc. These species were found in more than 40 96 of the seed samples from 1972.The same 4 Fusarium species in addition to F. graminearum Schwabe were used in the pathogenicity test. Artificially inoculated spring wheat and barley seeds were grown in the field during the growing season of 1973. Of these 5 species F. culmorum was clearly the most pathogenic. This species significantly lowered the shooting percentage and the yield of both cereals. Foot rot assessment also revealed F. culmorum as the most darnaging species. Natural soil-borne infection obviously increased the foot and root rot, and thus the soil-borne F. culmorum strongly affected all treatments. In the harvested seed F. poae dominated in all treatments, but F. culmorum still occurred most abundantly in the seed lot harvested from plots originally inoculated with this species.Parmi Ies semences rdcoltdes, une dominance de F. pode est a p p e dans toutes les skies, alors que F. culmorum &it le plus abondant dans les Semences provenant de patcelles inocul6es artificiellement avec cette espke. Cornom, J. (1970). Epidemiology of seed-borne Fuwrium diseases of cereals. Ann. A d . Sci. Fenn. A N Biologic0 168 : 31-36. ~R D O N , WL. (1944). The ocqmemx of Fururium species i n Canada. I. species of Fusruium isoloted from farm samples of cereal seed in Manitoba. Cun. 1. Res. 22 : 282-286. -(1952). 11. Prevalence and taxonomy of Fusurium species in cereal seeds. Can. J. Bot. 30 : 209-251. J A M A L +~~, EA. (1970). Studies on Fusurium fungi in Finlpnd. Ann. A d . Sn'. Fenn. A N Biobguu 168 : 54-56. TJINPE, J. DE (1963). The blotter metbod for seed health testing. Proc. Inf. Seed TeJt. Arsoc. Urn, J. & A. Y m (1974). The occurrence of Fusu~um spades in cereal grain in Finland. WOLLENWEBER, H.W. h O.A. REINKING (1935) Die Fusarium, ihre Besdueibung, Schadwirkung ' 29 (1): 97-116.Ann. Agric. Feirn. 13 : 5-17.
In field trials in Vihti during the years 1968—1978 the average yield increase in winter wheat obtained with chemical Weed control was 439 kg/ha with a yield level of 3 704 kg/ha. The moisture content in percentages was 1.2 % lower in the sprayed plots than in the unsprayed plots. The number and the dry weight of weeds was greatly reduced by the spraying. The producer price for the wheat being at present 1 mk/kg, the value of the yield increase for the farmer is 439 mk/ha, whereas the decrease of the moisture content saves in drying costs 36 mk/ha. When the spraying costs estimated at 153 mk/ha have been deducted from these figures, the net return for the farmer is 322 mk/ha.
Isolation of 73 Stachybotrys alternans strains from various materials, their morphological description and results from toxigenicity tests by a tissue culture method are reported. The isolation method consisted of culturing the material on wet cotton wool and sterile filter paper. Out of the 725 samples of cereal grain, field pea, oat meal, feed and fodder sent for routine mycological investigation 50 strains of S. alternans were isolated. Rather strikingly, approximately every fourth of the samples of field pea seed was found to be contaminated with S. alternans. Among the 129 samples of feed and fodder suspected as a cause of mycotoxicosis in domestic animals, 22 turned out to be contaminated by S. alternans. The toxicity of ether soluble extracts from strains cultivated on wheat‐oats‐barley mixture was tested in mouse primary fibroblast cultures. Together 49 out of the 73 isolated strains were found toxigenic by the test. All 13 strains isolated from field pea samples produced toxin. No relation between morphological characteristics and toxicity was revealed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.