Occurrence and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species in Cereals in Finland¹

Abstract

Several Fusarium species occurred abundantly in spring cereal seed samples studied in 1966, 1968 and 1972 in Finland. A total of 17 species of Fusarium were isolated m d identified. The most frequently isolated species were F. avenuceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. poae (Peck) Wr. and F. tticinctum (Cda) Sacc. These species were found in more than 40 96 of the seed samples from 1972.The same 4 Fusarium species in addition to F. graminearum Schwabe were used in the pathogenicity test. Artificially inoculated spring wheat and barley seeds were grown in the field during the growing season of 1973. Of these 5 species F. culmorum was clearly the most pathogenic. This species significantly lowered the shooting percentage and the yield of both cereals. Foot rot assessment also revealed F. culmorum as the most darnaging species. Natural soil-borne infection obviously increased the foot and root rot, and thus the soil-borne F. culmorum strongly affected all treatments. In the harvested seed F. poae dominated in all treatments, but F. culmorum still occurred most abundantly in the seed lot harvested from plots originally inoculated with this species.Parmi Ies semences rdcoltdes, une dominance de F. pode est a p p e dans toutes les skies, alors que F. culmorum &it le plus abondant dans les Semences provenant de patcelles inocul6es artificiellement avec cette espke. Cornom, J. (1970). Epidemiology of seed-borne Fuwrium diseases of cereals. Ann. A d . Sci. Fenn. A N Biologic0 168 : 31-36. ~R D O N , WL. (1944). The ocqmemx of Fururium species i n Canada. I. species of Fusruium isoloted from farm samples of cereal seed in Manitoba. Cun. 1. Res. 22 : 282-286. -(1952). 11. Prevalence and taxonomy of Fusurium species in cereal seeds. Can. J. Bot. 30 : 209-251. J A M A L +~~, EA. (1970). Studies on Fusurium fungi in Finlpnd. Ann. A d . Sn'. Fenn. A N Biobguu 168 : 54-56. TJINPE, J. DE (1963). The blotter metbod for seed health testing. Proc. Inf. Seed TeJt. Arsoc. Urn, J. & A. Y m (1974). The occurrence of Fusu~um spades in cereal grain in Finland. WOLLENWEBER, H.W. h O.A. REINKING (1935) Die Fusarium, ihre Besdueibung, Schadwirkung ' 29 (1): 97-116.Ann. Agric. Feirn. 13 : 5-17.

Fusariumspecies from seed of winter wheat in eastern Canada

“…Uoti and Ylimaki (1974) also noted higher levels of Fusarium in seed from experimental stations than in seed from farmers.…”

Molecular Chemotyping of Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. cerealis Isolates From Finland and Russia

“…8.1) was first reported in the 1930s as a problem in oats (Rainio 1932). F. graminearum was reported in Finnish cereals as early as the 1960s (Ylimäki 1981), and subsequently in 1972 (Uoti and Ylimäki 1974);1976-1977(Ylimäki et al 19791982-1984(Rizzo 1993) and 1998 (Eskola et al 2001;Yli-Mattila et al 2002). The highest DON levels have been found in oat (Hietaniemi et al 2008;Yli-Mattila et al 2004a, b, 2008a, b, 2009a.…”

Urea treatment of barley grain. Effect on storage properties and fungal growth

“…(Uoti andYlimäki 1974, Ylimäki 1981) They are destructive plant pathogens which can produce mycotoxins such as trichotocene (T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol), zearalenone and vomitoxin before harvesting and during storage (Joffe 1974, Neish et al 1982) Estrogenically active zearalenone has been detected in undried seed samples containing Fusarium species, while dried samples containing Fusarium ssp. were free from me- tabolites of fungi.…”