A total of 126 gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from 20 adults using paper strips. Patients were divided into a periodontitis-affected group (13 subjects) and a periodontitis-free group (7 subjects) by pocket depth and radiological bone loss. 4 subjects from the periodontitis-affected group received a single episode of periodontal treatment (scaling, root planing and curettage) and GCF samples were collected 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 days after treatment. Type I collagen carboxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP) in GCF was extracted into saline solution and determined by a radioimmunological method. Mean GCF ICTP concentration was 425 micrograms/l (SEM 45) in periodontitis patients and 148 micrograms/l (SEM 25) in periodontitis-free subjects, i.e., GCF ICTP concentrations were about 100 x higher than serum reference values. Significant positive correlations were found between GCF ICTP total amount per site and plaque index (R = 0.362), papilla bleeding index (R = 0.259), pocket depth (R = 0.464) and radiological bone loss (R = 0.418). Periodontal treatment decreased GCF ICTP concentration to the level seen in healthy subjects. However, large variations were seen between subjects and sites. ICTP levels below the detection limit were often found in deep pockets, as well as high values in periodontitis-free subjects. It was concluded that GCF ICTP reflects the local type I collagen degradation in periodontal tissues, and probably gives information about the tissue destruction process beyond the reach of the clinical parameters.
Abstract— The molecular forms of fibronectin (FN) in gingival crevicular fluid of five subjects with at least two sites exhibiting clinical signs of inflammation and pockets of at least 4 mm (test group) and five subjects with clinically healthy periodontium (control group) were investigated. Samples were collected with standard filter paper strips. In the test group samples from both diseased and healthy sites were collected. After collection the test group received one episode of periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing). The sampling and clinical recordings were repeated for the diseased sites after about 2 wk. The crevicular fluid FN was analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis followed by western blotting with polyclonal antibodies against FN. Both intact FN and FN fragments were found in all samples. A larger proportion of FN was in degraded form in the diseased sites than in the healthy or the treated sites. FN was also degraded into smaller peptide fragments in the diseased than in the treated sites. These results suggest that crevicular fluid FN is partially degraded both in periodontal health and disease and that the degree of degradation of FN increases with periodontal inflammation and decreases with periodontal treatment.
A total of 49 crevicular fluid (CF) samples were collected with paper strips from 12 healthy adults. Each sample was eluted into sterile saline and two aliquots were drawn for SDS–PAGE, one for fibronectin and one for fibrin analysis. Peptides were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and fibronectin and fibrin were detected using specific antibodies. The relative amounts of different molecular forms of fibronectin and fibrin were analyzed using a laser densitometer. After the sample collection, Plaque Index, Papilla Bleeding Index and pocket depth were measured. Bone loss was estimated from the orthopantho‐mograms. Fibronectin fragments were seen in all CF samples. Intact fibronectin was seen in 21 samples, of which 76% were collected from periodontitis‐affected sites. There was a positive correlation between the proportion of intact fibronectin and the clinical parameters. Intact fibrin and fibrin fragments were seen in all samples. Fibrin‐positive material with larger molecular weight than intact fibrin was also seen in all samples. A negative correlation was found between the proportion of intact fibrin and the clinical parameters. There was no correlation between total amounts and concentrations of fibronectin and fibrin. Molecular forms of fibronectin and fibrin may affect the pathogenesis and healing of periodontal diseases, since the biologic effects of the fragments of these molecules differ from those of the intact molecules.
A total of 23 periodontitis‐affected sites from seven adults was selected for the study. Crevicular fluid (CF) samples were collected with paper strips before treatment (scaling, root planing, and curettage) and 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 days after treatment. Each sample was eluted into sterile saline and two aliquots were drawn for gel electrophoresis: one for fibronectin and one for fibrin analysis. Peptides were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and molecules were detected by specific antibodies. The proportions of different molecular forms of fibronectin and fibrin were analyzed by laser densitometry. Plaque Index, Papilla Bleeding Index, and pocket depth were recorded before and 40 days after treatment. Radiologic bone loss was estimated from orthopantomograms. Two days after treatment, an increase was seen in the proportions of intact fibronectin, fibronectin fragments larger than 70 kDa, and fibrin‐positive material with a greater molecular mass than intact fibrin. Between days 5 and 10, the proportions of these large fragments decreased. The highest fibronectin and fibrin concentrations were seen 10 days after treatment. These changes probably reflect degradation of the subgingival fibrin clot formed after treatment, and indicate resolution of the clot during the first 10 days of healing. This agrees well with previous observations of CF plasmin activity and concentration of collagen synthesis markers in CF after periodontal treatment, and with the histologic changes seen during periodontal healing. Results of the present study, together with earlier reported findings of collagen synthesis after periodontal treatment, also support the hypothesis of sequential appearance of fibronectin and collagens during the process of wound healing.
The amount of procollagen III aminoterminal propeptide (PIIINP) in crevicular fluid (CF) was measured from three periodontitis patients before treatment (scaling, root planing, and curettage) and 2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 days after treatment. CF was collected by placing two paper strips in each pocket for 5 s, after which the amount of fluid was measured. Control samples were collected from three subjects with minimal gingival inflammation. PIIINP was extracted into saline solution and determined by a radioimmunological method. Plaque Index, Papilla Bleeding Index, and pocket depth were recorded before and 40 days after treatment. Forty days after treatment clinical parameters indicated healing. The CF PIIINP mean concentration was 162 μg/1 (range 0–430) in the pretreatment samples. Ten days after treatment, PIIINP mean concentration was 1400 μg/1 (range 1000–9000). After this, the concentration gradually decreased, reaching the pretreatment level 40 days after treatment. Most of the control samples showed undetectable amounts of PIIINP. It was suggested that elevated PIIINP concentrations in CF after periodontal treatment reflected increased type III collagen synthesis in gingiva. PIIINP concentrations before treatment reflected the rate of type III collagen turnover in inflamed periodontal tissues. It was further suggested that CF PIIINP has clinical value as an indicator of the healing process of inflamed gingiva.
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