To facilitate the measurement of perceived usability in product evaluation, we have developed a oneitem pictorial scale called PSIUS (Pictorial Single-Item Usability Scale), which aims to measure the satisfaction component of the usability construct. This bipolar scale consists of three main visual elements: satisfaction with the system, emotions experienced during system use and system to be evaluated. Employing a user-centred iterative design process, the scale was tested in two validation studies (N=60; N=38) using student participants. Sensitivity, convergent validity, divergent validity and criterion-related validity of the scale were determined. The results showed that satisfactory convergent validity was achieved, with the pictorial scale showing strong correlations with sum scores of established usability scales such as the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Post Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ). The other validity coefficients also showed overall positive results, suggesting that the development of the pictorial scale may be a promising endeavour. The PSIUS represents an initial attempt to provide a nonverbal approach to the summative evaluation of technical systems.
We have developed a pictorial multi-item scale, called P-SUS (Pictorial System Usability Scale), which aims to measure the perceived usability of mobile devices. The scale is based on the established verbal usability questionnaire SUS (System Usability Scale). A usercentred design process was employed to develop and refine its 10 pictorial items. The scale was tested in a first validation study (N=60) using student participants. Psychometric properties (convergent validity, criterionrelated validity, sensitivity, and reliability), as well as the motivation to fill in the scale were assessed. The results indicated satisfactory convergent validity for about twothirds of the items. Furthermore, strong correlations were obtained for the sum scores between verbal and pictorial SUS, and the pictorial scale was perceived as more motivating than the verbal questionnaire. The P-SUS represents a first attempt to provide a pictorial usability scale for the evaluation of (mobile) devices.
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