O estudo objetivou conferir validade à terceira versão do Questionário Alimentar do Dia Anterior (QUADA-3) para escolares. O QUADA-3 é um instrumento estruturado com seis refeições e 21 alimentos. Participaram 164 escolares de 6 a 11 anos de idade, de uma escola pública de período integral, em 2007. A validade foi testada pela comparação entre os itens alimentares selecionados no questionário e a observação direta de alimentos consumidos em três refeições escolares do dia anterior (lanche da manhã, almoço, lanche da tarde). Análise de regressão logística multivariada foi conduzida para avaliar a discordância entre as respostas do questionário e o registro das observações. Os resultados indicaram alta sensibilidade e especificidade para a maioria dos itens alimentares. Em média, os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade foram de 70,2% e de 96,2%, respectivamente, para os 12 itens alimentares nas três refeições combinadas. Os escolares de 6 a 8 anos, quando comparados aos de 9 a 11 anos, apresentam maiores taxas de discordância de respostas entre o QUADA-3 e as observações. Os resultados indicaram que o QUADA-3 pode gerar dados válidos para avaliar o consumo alimentar do dia anterior em nível de grupo de escolares.

The consumption of foods with high nutritional value was a protective factor against overweight among adolescents. This finding reinforces the importance of actions aimed at changing behaviors related to the family environment by encouraging the incorporation of healthy eating and active leisure time.

Abstract

BackgroundStudies addressing the influence of early sexual maturation on the excess of body weight and height of children and adolescents are scarce. The aim of the study was to analyze the association of sexual maturation with excess body weight and height in children and adolescents.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study performed in Florianópolis city, Brazil, in 2007, with 2339 school children, aged 8–14 years (1107 males). Selection was based on a probabilistic, cluster-stratified sampling technique. School children were classified according to the presence of excess body weight, using sex- and age-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoff points. Z-scores were calculated from height and BMI data. Sexual maturation was self-assessed according to Tanner stages of development. Subjects were ranked based on tertiles of sexual maturation (early, normal and late) for each stage of development. Poisson and linear regression models were used.ResultsCompared to the reference group (normal sexual maturation), early maturing females had higher prevalence of excess weight (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.33) and increased height-for-age (adjusted β: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.59), while late maturing females had lower prevalence of excess weight (adjusted prevalence ratio: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.87) and decreased height-for-age (adjusted β: −0.38; 95% CI: −0.56 to −0.20). In males, early and late sexual maturation were associated with increased (adjusted β: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.59) and decreased (adjusted β: −0.38; 95% CI: −0.56 to −0.20) height-for-age, respectively.ConclusionEarly sexual maturation is associated with excess body weight in females and with greater height-for-age in both sexes.

Objective: To investigate clustering patterns of health risk behaviors for non communicable diseases and its associated factors. Methods: a Random telephone survey with 1,996 adults from Florianopolis, SC, was conducted in 2005. Tobacco use, high alcoholic intake episodes, fruit consumption and physical inactivity were investigated. Clustering was examined by the ratio between observed and expected prevalence of each of the 16 possible combinations. These clustered risk factors comprised the main outcome and binomial and multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine socio-demographic correlates. Results: 43% of men and 36.6% of women clustered at least two health risk factors. Three (19.2%; CI 95% 16.7 -21.7) and five (9.8%; CI 95% 8.0 -11.6) specific combinations exceed the expected prevalence, respectively, in men and women. Women with low schooling level and older were more likely to cluster health risk behaviors. Conclusion: although men showed higher prevalence of single health risk behavior and its combinations, women presented more specific combinations that clustered above the expected. Knowledge on the clustering pattern of these health risk behaviors may guide the design of more effective health promotion initiatives.

The literature discusses that combined training, aerobic more resistance exercises in the same session, is a suitable strategy for people with obesity and that exercise periodization leads to positive health outcomes; however, the implication of different periodizations of combined training for health outcomes in obese adults requires further investigation. The aim of the study will be to describe the methodology used to compare the effect of linear periodized and non-periodized combined training on health markers and health-related physical fitness in adults with obesity. This is a blinded randomized controlled clinical trial investigating adults with obesity in the age group 20–50 years. The sample will be non-probabilistic, and participants will be allocated randomly into one of three groups: control group (CG), non-periodized group (NG), and periodized group (PG). The intervention will occur in 60-min sessions, 3 days a week for 16 weeks, with 1 week dedicated to familiarization with the training and 15 weeks of combined training (aerobic followed by resistance in the same session). The PG group will perform three mesocycles of 5 weeks each, progressing in intensity throughout the intervention [aerobic: from 40-49% to 60–69% of heart rate reserve (HRR); strength: from 12 to 14 maximum repetitions (MR) to 8 to 10MR]; the NG group will maintain the same relative intensity throughout the study (aerobic: 50–59% of HRR; strength: 2 sets of 10–12 MR). Participants in the CG group will maintain their usual activities without the proposed intervention. Pre- and post-intervention assessments will be performed for biochemical markers, body composition, cardiovascular parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness, maximum upper and lower limb strength, flexibility, and subjective health-related parameters. This project was approved by the Committee of Ethics and Research with Human Beings of the institution of origin (protocol 2,448,674) and registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-3c7rt3).

Background:The study aimed to analyze the association between pubertal development stages and adiposity in children and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2007 in Florianópolis, Brazil, with 2339 schoolchildren 32 aged 8 to 14 years old (1107 males). The outcome (adiposity) was evaluated using Z score and 33 percentilee values > = 85 of four skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and calf) and waist 34 circumference. Total body adiposity (Z score of the sum of skinfolds), central adiposity (Z score 35 of waist circumference) and peripheral adiposity (Z scores of triceps and calf skinfolds) were 36 estimated. Pubertal development stages was self-assessed according to Tanner stages of development. Thirty-seven Children and adolescents were classified according to tertiles of age for each pubertal development stages 38 stage -early, normal and late. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and 39 multivariate Poisson regression models. Results: Children and adolescent from both sexes with early pubertal development stages presented higher prevalence of central adiposity (waist circumference), with adjusted prevalence ratio (CI 95%) of 2.21 (1.12; 4.35) for males and 2.18 (1.04; 4.57) for females (reference group: normal pubertal development stages). Among females, there was a reduction in the prevalence of excess adiposity with decreased occurrence of early pubertal development stages. There was a strong relationship between adiposity and pubertal development stages. Conclusions: Excess adiposity was higher in both sexes for those with early pubertal development stages.

Living closer to parks/playgrounds was associated with lower BMI and WC among schoolchildren from low-income families. Living closer to football pitches was associated with higher BMI and WC among these schoolchildren. Living at intermediate distances from beaches was associated with lower BMI among these schoolchildren.