A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new energy harvester that converts small scale mechanical motions into electrical energy by a combination of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction through the periodic contact-separation...
Several plants in Brazil have mature assets or use equipment that comes from decommissioned facilities. In addition, the culture of process safety in Brazil is an under‐researched topic that has only recently begun to attract corporate attention. Since catastrophic accidents are not very common, any accident related to the process can result in very large losses in terms of damage to equipment and loss of human and social capital. In mature process plants, these issues are even more sensitive because their organization may not yet have developed an effective integrity management program. Nevertheless, it is a proven fact that the assets of these plants are often nearing the end of their residual lifetime. Therefore, the present work aims to develop a high‐level checklist to evaluate the mechanical integrity and identify possible failures in the integrity management of vessels and tanks, based in good engineering practices, Regulatory Standard 13 (NR 13), API 579‐1/ASME FFS‐1, API RP 580, API RP 581, HSE (Health and Safety Executive) requirements, and other relevant standards as references. The checklist ts divided into six sections, namely (1) Brazilian Regulatory Standard 13 (NR 13); (2) Design and manufacturing; (3) Operation; (4) Management systems; (5) Deterioration mechanism; and (6) Risk‐based inspection, as the most relevant criteria for evaluating the integrity of mature pressure vessels and tanks.
This paper discusses a disruptive approach to wave energy conversion, based on a hybrid solution: the E-Motions wave energy converter with integrated triboelectric nanogenerators. To demonstrate it, a physical modelling study was carried out with nine E-Motions sub-variants, which were based on three original hull designs (half-cylinder (HC), half-sphere (HS) and trapezoidal prism (TP)). A unidirectional lateral tribo-device was incorporated within the E-Motions’ hull during the experiments. The physical models were subjected to eight irregular sea-states from a reference study on the Portuguese coastline. Results point towards a significant hydrodynamic roll response, with peaks of up to 40 °/m. Three peaks were observed for the surge motions, associated with slow drifting at low frequencies. The response bandwidth of the HC sub-variants was affected by the varying PTO mass-damping values. By comparison, such response was generally maintained for all HS sub-variants and improved for the TP sub-variants, due to ballast positioning adjustments. Maximum power ratios ranged between 0.015 kW/m3 and 0.030 kW/m3. The TENGs demonstrated an average open-circuit voltage and power per kilogram ratio of up to 85 V and 18 mW/kg, respectively, whilst exhibiting an evolution highly dependent upon wave excitation, surge excursions and roll oscillations. Thus, TENGs enable redundant dual-mode wave energy conversion alongside E-Motions, which can power supporting equipment with negligible influence on platform hydrodynamics.
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