Polymeric ionic liquid-coated magnetic nanoparticles have been successfully prepared as adsorbents for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of four drugs, namely alfuzosin, doxazosin, terazosin and prazosin, from pharmaceutical preparations, urine samples and plasma samples. The four drugs were detected by fluorescence spectrophotometer. Several extraction parameters, including the pH of the solution; the type, ratio and volume of the desorbing reagent; the amount of adsorbent; the time of the extraction and desorption processes; and the addition of NaCl, were investigated and optimized. Linear responses were determined for the four drugs in the concentration range of 0.5 - 45 ng mL(-1). The limit of detection values for alfuzosin, doxazosin, terazosin and prazosin, which were defined as three times the standard deviation of a blank sample, were determined to be 0.035, 0.034, 0.027 and 0.028 ng mL(-1) (n = 11), respectively. Furthermore, this new method gave preconcentration factors of 114.5, 111.3, 111.1 and 108.5 for these four drugs.
In this study, the magnetic materials known as polymerized ionic liquid@3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate@Fe O nanoparticles were synthesized and utilized as potential adsorbents. First, these nanoparticles were applied to the analysis of sulfonamides and quinolones present in different water samples using magnetic solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Under optimized conditions, the developed method showed excellent detection sensitivity, with limits of detection (S/N = 3) and quantification limits (S/N = 10) within 0.2-1.0 and 0.8-3.4 μg/L, respectively. The spiked recoveries of the SAs and QNs in environmental water samples ranged from 83.5 to 103.0%, with RSDs of less than 4.5%. In addition, the adsorbents effectively removed sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin present in existing aquatic environments. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin on the magnetic adsorbents were studied to assess removal performance. The results indicate that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order mechanism, which reveals that the sorption mechanism is the rate-limiting step and produces high q values (sulfamethoxazole = 70.35 mg/g and ofloxacin = 48.95 mg/g), thus demonstrating the enormous adsorption capacity of these magnetic adsorbents.
A mixed hemimicelle solid-phase extraction technique coupled with fluorescence for the extraction of prulifloxacin and gatifloxacin was developed. This method has promising clinical and therapeutic drug monitoring applications.
Mixed hemi-/ad-micelle SDS-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe2-xAlxO3 (x = 0.4)) were used as an efficient adsorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of carvedilol (CVD) based on magnetic mixed hemimicelle solid-phase extraction. The Fe2-xAlxO3 magnetic nanoparticles not only have better stability and resistance to acidity, as well as alkalinity, but also are easy to prepare, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. Several parameters that affected the extraction efficiency were investigated, including the type and volume of desorption solvent, extraction and desorption times, pH of the solution, zeta potential, and amounts of adsorbent and surfactant. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the developed method showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9998) within the range of 0.02–2.7 ng mL−1, and the limit of detection was 0.009 ng mL−1. The spiked recoveries of CVD in urine and plasma samples ranged from 101.50% to 111.00%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a mixed hemi-/ad-micelle solid-phase extraction method based on magnetic separation and nanoparticles has been used as a simple and sensitive method for the monitoring of CVD in biological samples.
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