Micro-cavity based frequency combs, or 'micro-combs' [1,2], have enabled many fundamental breakthroughs [3-21] through the discovery of temporal cavity-solitons. These self-localised waves, described by the Lugiato-Lefever equation [22], are sustained by a background of radiation usually containing 95% of the power [23]. Simple methods for their efficient generation and control are currently being investigated to finally establish micro-combs as out-of-the-lab tools [24]. Here, we demonstrate micro-comb laser cavity-solitons. Laser cavity-solitons are intrinsically background free and have underpinned key breakthroughs in semiconductor lasers [22,25-28]. By merging their properties with the physics of multi-mode systems [29], we provide a new paradigm for soliton generation and control in micro-cavities. We demonstrate 50 nm wide bright soliton combs induced at average powers more than one order of magnitude lower than the Lugiato-Lefever soliton power threshold [22], measuring a mode efficiency of 75% versus the theoretical limit of 5% for bright Lugiato-Lefever solitons [23]. Finally, we can tune the repetition-rate by well over a megahertz without any active feedback. Optical frequency combs based on micro-cavity resonators, also called 'micro-combs', offer the promise of achieving the full capability of their bulk counterparts, yet in an integrated footprint [1, 2]. They have enabled major breakthroughs in spectroscopy [3,4], communications [5,6] microwave photonics [7], frequency synthesis [8], optical ranging [9,10], quantum sources [11, 12], metrology [13,14] and astrocombs [15,16]. Of particular importance has been the discovery of temporal cavity-solitons in micro-cavities [17-21]. Temporal cavity-solitons [2,17-23] are an important example of dissipative solitons-self-confined waves balancing dispersion with the nonlinear phase-shift in lossy systems [30]. Practical applications of these pulses for micro-combs, however, still face significant challenges. In particular, they achieve a limited mode efficiency, defined as the fraction of optical power residing in the comb modes other than the most powerful one. Solitons in micro-cavities exist as localised states upon a background, usually a continuous-wave (CW) [2,17-23], which results in a dominant mode in the comb spectrum. In this configuration, described by the
Nanophotonics is a rapidly developing field of research with many suggestions for a design of nanoantennas, sensors and miniature metadevices. Despite many proposals for passive nanophotonic devices, the efficient coupling of light to nanoscale optical structures remains a major challenge. In this article, we propose a nanoscale laser based on a tightly confined anapole mode. By harnessing the non-radiating nature of the anapole state, we show how to engineer nanolasers based on InGaAs nanodisks as on-chip sources with unique optical properties. Leveraging on the near-field character of anapole modes, we demonstrate a spontaneously polarized nanolaser able to couple light into waveguide channels with four orders of magnitude intensity than classical nanolasers, as well as the generation of ultrafast (of 100 fs) pulses via spontaneous mode locking of several anapoles. Anapole nanolasers offer an attractive platform for monolithically integrated, silicon photonics sources for advanced and efficient nanoscale circuitry.
Structural colors have drawn wide attention for their potential as a future printing technology for various applications, ranging from biomimetic tissues to adaptive camouflage materials. However, an efficient approach to realize robust colors with a scalable fabrication technique is still lacking, hampering the realization of practical applications with this platform. Here, we develop a new approach based on large-scale network metamaterials that combine dealloyed subwavelength structures at the nanoscale with lossless, ultra-thin dielectric coatings. By using theory and experiments, we show how subwavelength dielectric coatings control a mechanism of resonant light coupling with epsilon-near-zero regions generated in the metallic network, generating the formation of saturated structural colors that cover a wide portion of the spectrum. Ellipsometry measurements support the efficient observation of these colors, even at angles of 70°. The network-like architecture of these nanomaterials allows for high mechanical resistance, which is quantified in a series of nano-scratch tests. With such remarkable properties, these metastructures represent a robust design technology for real-world, large-scale commercial applications.
We experimentally demonstrate Time-Resolved Nonlinear Ghost Imaging and its ability to perform hyperspectral imaging in difficult-to-access wavelength regions, such as the Terahertz domain. We operate by combining nonlinear quadratic sparse generation and nonlinear detection in the Fourier plane. We demonstrate that traditional time-slice approaches are prone to essential limitations in near-field imaging due to space-time coupling, which is overcome by our technique. As a proof-of-concept of our implementation, we show that we can provide experimental access to hyperspectral images completely unrecoverable through standard fixedtime methods.
Novel nanoarray for single molecule detection from peptide mixture.
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