Material science is a broad discipline focused on subjects such as metals, ceramics, polymers, electronics, and composite materials. Each of these fields covers areas associated with designing, synthesizing, and manufacturing, materials. These are tasks in which the use of technology may constitute paramount importance, reducing cost and time to develop new materials and substituting try-and-error standard procedures. This study aimed to analyze, quantify and map the scientific production of research on the fourth industrial revolution linked to material science studies in Scopus and Web of Science databases from 2017 to 2021. For this bibliometric analysis, the Biblioshiny software from RStudio was employed to categorize and evaluate the contribution of authors, countries, institutions, and journals. VOSviewer was used to visualize their collaboration networks. As a result, we found that artificial intelligence represents a hotspot technology used in material science, which has become usual in molecular simulations and manufacturing industries. Recent studies aim to provide possible avenues in the discovery and design of new high-entropy alloys as well as to detect and classify corrosion in the industrial sector. This bibliometric analysis releases an updated perspective on the implementations of technologies in material science as a possible guideline for future worldwide research.
Abstract. This research studies the physical and chemical changes in steel ASTM A335 P92, produced from a typical refinery corrosion environment. The environment evaluated was oxidation-nitridation with the presence of water vapor. In this study five (5) exposure times were selected: 1, 20, 50, 100 and 200 hours; As well as two (2) analysis temperatures: 450 and 550°C. The working pressure used was one (1) atmosphere. Bearing in mind the kinetic study, the behaviour shown in ASTM A335 P92 steel describes an accelerated growth until 50 hours, after this time growth is less. For the tests carried out at 450°C, the kinetic constant was 2x10-8g 2 mm -4 h -1 , as well as for 550°C the calculated kinetic constant was 3.1×10-7g 2 mm -4 h -1; through the SEM-EDS characterization techniques, it was possible to appreciate a good adhesion and homogeneity of the layers formed on the metal matrix until a time of exposure of 100 hours at 450 and 550°C, different from that evidenced to 200 hours of exposure where the layer formed near to the substrate showed detachment, this is attributed to the formation of hydroxides product of water vapor. Among the results obtained are the elemental composition, the presence of nitrides such as Si3N4, also NSiO2 and NSi2O, molybdenum oxides: MoO2 and MoO3 and iron oxides: FeO and Fe2O3 can be evidenced.
Thermal recovery processes using steam injection with combustion gases (flue gas) have shown positive results in the recovery of heavy crude oil over the conventional process, by integrating different recovery mechanisms. However, under the operating conditions, the injection of these fluids generates highly corrosive environments that have an impact on the deterioration of the materials, resulting in risks and operational costs. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the theoretical corrosion products that can be generated in these processes. This research focused on the study of API N-80 carbon steel exposed to a steam and flue gas atmosphere, at pressure and temperature conditions in the ranges of 800 psia - 1100 psia (55 bar - 75 bar) and 520 °F - 560 °F (270 °C - 290 °C) respectively. Based on this environment, to determine the theoretical corrosion products, a thermodynamic simulation stage was developed using HSC Chemistry software, which was used to generate Pourbaix, Ellingham and thermodynamic equilibrium diagrams. It was found that the main theoretical corrosion products corresponded to oxides, carbonates, and hydroxides, among which the significant presence of iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3), iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) and iron carbonate (II) (FeCO3) was corroborated.
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