Hydro-meteorological hazards like convective\ud outbreaks leading to torrential rain and floods are among the\ud most critical environmental issues world-wide. In that context\ud weather radar observations have proven to be very useful\ud in providing information on the spatial distribution of rainfall\ud that can support early warning of floods. However, quantitative\ud precipitation estimation by radar is subjected to many\ud limitations and uncertainties. The use of dual-polarization\ud at high frequency (i.e. X-band) has proven particularly useful\ud for mitigating some of the limitation of operational systems,\ud by exploiting the benefit of easiness to transport and\ud deploy and the high spatial and temporal resolution achievable\ud at small antenna sizes. New developments on X-band\ud dual-polarization technology in recent years have received\ud the interest of scientific and operational communities in these\ud systems. New enterprises are focusing on the advancement of\ud cost-efficient mini-radar network technology, based on highfrequency\ud (mainly X-band) and low-power weather radar\ud systems for weather monitoring and hydro-meteorological\ud forecastin
The necessity to conduct hydrological studies for water resources management, infrastructure design and, ecosystems protection can help mitigate flood and drought hazards. Prediction of low flows remains an important task for water management and ecosystems protection that can affect streams during low-flow periods. There have been many approaches to low flow prediction applying either statistical or deterministic methods, but there has not been any successful approach to link low flows between similar watersheds yet. The Fenton, Natchaug and Mount Hope Rivers watersheds are neighbors and are the major streams that discharge into the Mansfield Hollow Lake that belongs to the Thames River watershed, located in Northeast of the State of Connecticut in USA. A study to determine whether and how water withdrawals from the University’s Fenton River water supply wells affect the fisheries habitat of the Fenton River adjacent to the well field was conducted for four years at the beginning of 2002. The Mount Hope River was the only river with a long record of daily discharges available since the year 1940, meanwhile the Fenton and Natchaug River remained ungagged until the year 2006. This research developed and tested two mathematical models for the prediction of minimum discharges in the Fenton and Natchaug Rivers with the discharges available from the Mount Hope River. Yearly Low Flow Duration Curves (LFFC) and Weibull distribution methods were applied to the three rivers to predict the low flows in the Fenton and Natchaug Rivers taking as input the minimum flows and dates in the Mount Hope River. The results found that the Weibull distribution model showed a much better accuracy than the Low Flow Duration Curve method for the prediction of low flows discharges in the Fenton and Natchaug Rivers.
A key area of research in hydrologic modeling is the prediction of flood response in complex urban basins with hydraulic structures such as pump stations, canals, culverts, and spillways. The prediction of the basin's response to heavy rainfall is needed in order to assess the impacts of potential watershed management decisions, especially during high flow periods. In this study, the HEC-HMS model was adopted to predict the accumulated discharges in a small urban basin located in West Palm Beach, Florida, USA. The model was calibrated based on seven flood events and validated using seven independent events spanning a 5-year period. The results show that the accumulated flow of water released from the basin was simulated with high accuracy, and that the model can be used for various management scenarios involving high flow conditions in the south Florida urban basin.
One of the main challenges of watershed hydrology is the calculation of the variation of the depth of water storage in a watershed. To address this question this paper presents a methodology for calculating the watershed water storage based on watershed water balance over a period of infinite time. The results obtained through this methodology have been applied to the Mount Hope River watershed in Connecticut and had been tested by applying the equation of Hughes and Murrel for discharge and storage.
A simulation was carried out in the Santa Catarina River watershed, located in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, to study flood patterns and velocity maps during the occurrence of Hurricane Alex in June-July 2010. To conduct this simulation, a two-dimensional model of the Santa Catarina River Watershed was employed using the HEC-RAS software. The model was driven by Multisensor grid precipitation data as input. Land cover and soil layers were utilized in order to obtain various parameters within the watershed, such as Curve Number, Manning Number, Abstraction Ratio, Infiltration Rate, and Percent of Impervious Land. The simulated water levels were calibrated by comparing them with observed values at the Cadereyta Hydrometric Station, which is located near the city of Monterrey. The utilization of the HEC-RAS two-dimensional model combined with Multisensor grid precipitation demonstrates that this particular model is easy to set up and is user-friendly. Moreover, the model exhibits stability and possesses the ability to accurately simulate flood patterns and velocity maps within the watershed. Keywords: Floodmap, HEC-RAS 2D, Mexico, Monterrey, MRMS-QPE.
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