Middle-mesial canals in mandibular molars are present in the population depending on age, sex and ethnicity. However, limited literature alludes to its prevalence. Troughing procedures may enhance identification, cleaning and shaping. This case report expresses the recognition and management of middle-mesial canal in a mandibular second molar of 24 years old Hispanic-Latino male.
Lateral root perforations are unfortunate procedures during endodontic treatment and often lead to tooth extraction. Conditioning factors such as time, size, location, inappropriate disinfection and sealing, are indispensable to achieve acceptable long-term outcomes. Calcium silicate cements are bioactive materials used for perforation repair. They can be set in moist environments such as blood, saliva and dentinal fluid making them a reliable material for clinical applications. This case report describes the treatment and repair after a 16-month follow-up of a lateral root perforation of the maxillary lateral incisor.
The high success of endodontic therapy for apical periodontitis treatment is well known. However, studies
showed that between 20% to 60% of treated teeth in the population present with apical periodontitis after
root canal therapy. When viable, non-surgical retreatment is the rst option while endodontic surgery should be the last resource
for elimination of the disease. The aim of this case report is emphasize the potentiality of the successful outcome of surgical
endodontic treatment following failed non-surgical treatment of a second maxillary premolar and rst maxillary molar
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