Persistent Apical Periodontitis After Endodontic Treatment: Surgical Management

Abstract

The high success of endodontic therapy for apical periodontitis treatment is well known. However, studies showed that between 20% to 60% of treated teeth in the population present with apical periodontitis after root canal therapy. When viable, non-surgical retreatment is the rst option while endodontic surgery should be the last resource for elimination of the disease. The aim of this case report is emphasize the potentiality of the successful outcome of surgical endodontic treatment following failed non-surgical treatment of a second maxillary premolar and rst maxillary molar