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This study evaluated the suitability of 21 inland waters (16 well waters and 5 surface waters) from Northwest Mexico via short- (48 h) and medium-term (28 days) tests using postlarvae (PL18) of Litopenaeus vannamei. In the short test, survival was assessed at 48 h after shrimp were placed in groups of 10 postlarvae into 2-L containers of inland water, to which they had been previously acclimated. The second, medium-term test consisted of four replicates with 10 postlarvae, and each group was placed in 15-L containers with the treatment water. Weights (initial and final) and survival were evaluated weekly for 28 days. In those waters for which the short test was positive and the medium-term test was negative and which also had a deficiency of potassium and/or magnesium, a third test was conducted. These last waters were supplemented with salts, and the shrimp survival and weights (initial and final) were recorded for 28 days. The water samples from San Jose, Mochicahui, Sinaloa River, Caimanero inner Lagoon, La Pipima, Campo Santa Fe, Escopama, and Fitmar had >60% survival in the short test. The Caimanero inner Lagoon water had the highest survival (87.5 ± 9.6%) and final mean weight (201.3 ± 86.2 mg). In the third test, it was found that shrimp in the water from La Pipima, Campo Santa Fe, and Fitmar exhibited 100% survival for 2 weeks. Finally, in this work, a decision tree to evaluate the suitability of low-salinity water for shrimp farming was proposed, which can be applied in other regions.

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Highlights Control lettuce showed higher levels of proline than lettuce from other treatments. Well water lettuce exhibited higher levels of phenols than that from other treatments. Lettuce with low-salinity shrimp effluent exhibit a quality comparable to the control.

Shrimp farming is one of the most important worldwide developed sectors; however, this development has induced a series of negative environmental impacts. One strategy to reduce these impacts is the integration or co‐culture of shrimp farming with agriculture. The integration of shrimp farming with commercial plants has been carried out with the objective of minimizing the environmental impact through the use of biosolids and effluents enriched with nutrients, taking advantage of available resources and generating greater income for producers. The aim of this review was to present the state of the art of integrated shrimp–vascular plant culture, focus on those plants with commercial interest and describe the different forms of integration. We reviewed over 158 studies dealing with integrated shrimp–plant cultures at different salinities, as well as the influence of salinity in the performance of both biological components. Plants suitable for the integration with shrimp farming are also examined, including advantages and disadvantages. Finally, several features that require further research are identified.