Aim: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in cattle and sheep from three municipalities in the Colombian Northeastern Mountain. Materials and Methods: Overall, 200 fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum in cattle and sheep. The presence of helminths eggs and coccidial oocysts in fecal samples was detected using McMaster and Dennis techniques. Identification of eggs or oocysts was done on the basis of morphology and size of the eggs or oocysts. Results: The global prevalence of GI parasites was 56.3%. Regarding the prevalence by municipalities, there was no statistical association (p>0.05), indicating that the prevalence was similar in the three municipalities. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in sheep (63%) as compared to that of cattle (50.5%), but the difference was nonsignificant (p>0.05). The most prevalent parasites were Eimeria spp., Fasciola hepatica, and Strongylida order. Regarding the results for Eimeria spp., different degrees of positivity were observed, but there was no statistical association (p>0.05) with respect to the age group. Likewise, there was no statistical association (p>0.05) between the prevalence for Strongylida order and F. hepatica with respect to the age group. Conclusion: Cattle and sheep in Colombian Northeastern Mountain were infected with helminths and coccidia. The prevalence values of GI parasites were moderate in both species warranting treatment. The presence of F. hepatica represents a risk factor to health public. Future studies are required to evaluate the parasitic dynamics throughout the year and the impact on animal production.

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Aim: The research was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factor associated with respiratory viral pathogens in dual-purpose cattle of Aguachica, Rio de Oro and La Gloria municipalities in Cesar department, Colombia. Materials and Methods: The seroprevalence study was done from the random sampling (n=1000) of blood collected from 29 dual-purpose herds, located in three municipalities (Aguachica, Rio de Oro, and La Gloria) of Cesar department. The presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI-3V) in the samples was detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Epidemiological data were obtained using a questionnaire administered to the owner or manager of each herd. Results: The overall highest seroprevalence was observed for BHV-1 (94.7%), followed by BRSV (98.6%), BVDV (35.2%), and BPI-3V (47.1%). Regarding the seroprevalence by municipalities, there was a statistical association (p<0.05) for BVDV; however, for BRSV, BHV-1, and BPI-3V, no statistical association was found (p>0.05) between seropositive values and the municipalities, indicating that animal was seropositive in similar proportions in the three municipalities. Female sex and older animals (>24 months) were a significant risk factor for BHV-1 and BPI-3V infection. Regarding the clinical signs, there was a statistical association (p<0.05) between the seropositive values of BVDV and most of clinical signs observed, except for abortion. Conclusion: This research confirms the high seroprevalence of the respiratory viral pathogens in nonvaccinated cattle within the study areas. Therefore, appropriate sanitary management practices and routine vaccination programs should be adopted to reduce the seroprevalence of these infectious agents.

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Se condujo una investigación en Venezuela durante el año 2016 con el propósito de estudiar el comportamiento epidemiológico de Cystoisospora suis. Se incluyeron 67 granjas porcinas intensivas con antecedentes de diarrea neonatal. Para la determinación parasitaria se seleccionaron 572 camadas, así como  1,712 muestras fecales de cerdos adultos. En todas las granjas se aplicó una encuesta epidemiológica escrita. Todas las muestras se cultivaron en dicromato de potasio al 2.5% y posteriormente se procesaron con una técnica copro-parasitológica. Los resultados señalan que C. suis se encontró en 55 de 67 granjas (82.1 %) y 210 camadas (36.7 %), con los mayores valores de frecuencia en las dos primeras semanas de vida (P<0.05). Al referir los resultados en cerdos adultos se encontró correlación significativa (rho= 0.35; P<0.05) entre infección de lechones y cerdas, lo que sugiere que cerdas madres podrían actuar como fuentes de infección. El número de partos se encontró estadísticamente correlacionado con los valores de frecuencia en camadas y cerdas (P<0.05), lo que indica que, a mayor número de partos, disminuye la frecuencia. Probablemente estos hallazgos se asocian con mecanismos inmunológicos desconocidos. La infección en camadas menores a tres días de edad, presupone la existencia de alguna ruta alternativa de la infección. Se concluye que C. suis se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en la región central de Venezuela y que pudiera ser controlada mejorando las condiciones sanitarias de las granjas; sin embargo, mecanismos inmunológicos aún sin dilucidar podrían estar involucrados en la transmisión del protozoario.