Summary:idiopathic noninfectious pneumonia; (3) pulmonary edema (hydrostatic or noncardiogenic); (4) respiratory failure (pulmonary and extrapulmonary etiologies); (5) inflammaFiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) has been reported to have a high diagnostic yield and to be safe in BMT tory conditions (diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), bronchiolitis patients with pulmonary infiltrates. At our institution, BMT patients with respiratory symptoms and/or pulobliterans (BO), and pulmonary graft-versus-host disease); (6) pulmonary hemorrhage; and (7) The use of FOB to evaluate pulmonary infiltrates in BMT patients was not previously standardized at our institution. (15%) occurred in 10 FOBs (five acute respiratory failure, three pneumothoraces, one nose bleed, one death).Although the medical literature indicates that FOB in BMT patients with pulmonary infiltrates is a safe and valuable Hospital and 6-month survival based on episodes of clinical pneumonia were 47 and 32%, respectively. diagnostic procedure, its impact on providing a diagnosis, guiding treatment, and patient outcome at our institution Patients who had a diagnostic FOB or a FOB that changed treatment did not have better hospital or 6-was unclear. A data base was established to collect existing clinical information to assess the yield, impact on treatmonth survival compared to patients who had FOBs that were nondiagnostic or did not change treatment.ment, safety and survival in BMT patients who had FOB to evaluate respiratory symptoms and/or pulmonary infiltrates. FOB in our BMT patient population, had a low diagnostic yield (31%), infrequently changed treatment (24%), a significant complication rate (15%) and was not associated with improved patient survival. The role of rouMaterials and methods tine diagnostic FOB in BMT patients with pulmonary infiltrates and/or respiratory symptoms should be rePatient population evaluated.