The study deals with the problem of a biomechanical solution for human locomotion after amputation of a lower limb. With unsuitably designed sockets for transtibial prostheses interaction between the socket and the stump occurs, leading to increased friction and subsequent surface damage to the soft tissue. This damage is manifested in local increases in the temperature of the affected area. With individual types of transtibial prostheses, sites which can be loaded and which cannot be loaded are defined. On the basis of a study of the anterior side of the stump three loadable and two non-loadable areas were monitored using a thermal imaging camera and a pressure sensor. Methods of measuring individual values were proposed for the purpose of sensing temperature and pressure. For sensing the surface temperature of the selected areas on the stump a thermal imaging FLIR SC-660 camera (Wilsonville, Oregon, USA) was used. The working of pressure on the sockets of transtibial prostheses were sensed using a Tactilus pressure sensor from the company Sensor Products Inc. (Madison, New Jersey, USA). In the submitted work 11 stumps were non-invasively monitored without interrupting the integrity of the skin. On the basis of the proposed method of assessing the distribution of temperature it was determined that in the case of a suitably made prosthesis no significant change of temperature occurs in any of the monitored areas. The results obtained by the temperature and pressure measurement were statistically processed.
The aim of this study was to design, manufacture and verify orthoses using innovative methods. 3D scanning, additive manufacturing and CAD/CAM software are applied during the development process. Target group of the study are subjects with insufficient gripping and manipulating functions of the arm and forearm. Positives are obtained using a hand-held 3D scanner Artec Eva. Specific 3D scanning methodology is applied during this process. Individual orthoses are designed in an open-source CAD software Meshmixer and manufactured by FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) additive technology from a biocompatible plastic material. All models are inspected and verified in an analysis software VGStudio MAX. Given methodology can be used not only for this specific purpose, but also for orthosis development in general.
The presented article focuses on measurements of extremely small dimensions in nanometrology using tactile probes. It addresses a newly developed method of precise measurements in nanometrology by touch probes, where the measurements are carried out on the machine SIOS NMM-1. The aim of this work is to determine accuracy of measurements on this machine. The main contribution of this work is a creation of a methodology for the measurement of precision parts and determination of accuracy of measurement when using this device in nanometrology. The work also includes methodology for the calculation of measurement uncertainty, a keystone in determining the accuracy of measurement in nanometrology. The article provides results of representative sets of measurements of ruby ball diameters, including the evaluation of statistical parameters and determination of the combined measurement uncertainty.
Background: In preparation for a cervical device study (CDS) we developed a software-based surrogate model in order to analyze pre-and postoperative segmental range-of-motion (ROM) and help determine the optimal height of cervical implants. Besides eliminating surgeon's bias during intraoperative device-height choice, this software-based approach to spinal implantation surgery aims to reduce postoperative neck pain. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of using this surrogate model to determine changes in pre-and postoperative segmental motion characteristics independent of surgeonrelated bias of device-height choice. Methods: The software's surrogate model is based on videofluoroscopic movement recordings in addition to conventional radiographs recorded during standardized movements. Software-based evaluation of segment-specific rangeof-motion (ROM) characteristics was based on the newly introduced surrogate parameter "biokinemetric triangle". Depending on changes of the triangles surface area during preand post-operative analysis, segment-specific ROM were determined and evaluated with regards to surgery-related ROM changes. Structural pattern recognition was employed to examine whether biokinemetric triangle based ROM analysis is able to discriminate between different implants. Results: The surrogate parameter biokinemetric triangle software plug-in allows detection of implant-specific functional alterations of segmental movement characteristics (p<0.05). It is a valuable follow-up parameter for the investigation of changes in the segmental motion characteristics after device implantation. Conclusions: Biokinemetric triangle analysis displays segmental motion characteristics and detects segmental changes after device implantation in CDS. Common range of motion (ROM) analysis based on angular observations requires complete movement execution in order to make significant comparisons, whereas the triangle-based analysis allows movement characterization independent of complete execution.
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