Background: Tattooing has emerged as common activity among adolescents. Therefore, it is important to informed adolescents about possible health hazards associated with it. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of tattooing and knowledge of health risks associated with it among higher secondary students and association between knowledge on risk factors with selected socio-demographic variables.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2015 among 1325 students studying in class XI and XII in Thoubal district of Manipur in Northeast India. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Based on the obtained score, knowledge was divided into adequate and inadequate. Descriptive statistics like mean (SD) and percentages were used. Chi-square test was used for testing the significance and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Total of 1378 students participated in the study. Almost all the students (99.5%) have heard of tattoo but only 75 of them (5.5%) had ever tattooed. Majority (87%) of the students had inadequate knowledge. Ever tattooed was more among male students compared to female. There was significant association between adequate knowledge and male students, parents who had secondary and above education. Significant association was found among those who had adequate knowledge and risk of transmission of disease through tattooing.Conclusions: Prevalence of ever tattooed was 5.5%. Though majority of the participants had heard of tattoo but most of them had inadequate knowledge about health risk associated with tattooing.
The aim and object of the present study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of ADRs among the 2 nd professional MBBS students and also to find out the ways for implementation of Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPi). MATERIAL AND METHOD: The material is the pretested questionnaire on knowledge, attitude, and practice on Pharmacovigilance. The design of the study is cross sectional study. Percentage, proportions and means are used for descriptive statistics while the associations are calculated using corresponding tests for the associations. RESULTS: The knowledge of the students on Pharmacovigilence in connection with Over the Counter/self-medication (52%); minimum need of surveillance on marketing (74%); present surveillance on marketing as low as 60%; need of CME on ADRs along with Pharmacovigilance among student at least (64%) as the ADRs on elderly (57%), children(58%), Pregnancy (64%). Similarly out of 24 questions on Attitude, only 7 questions on Reporting, Multi National Company, Drug Controller of India, Disability and Compensation are selected for statistical analysis. The percentage of the students who has heard and seen ADRs 64.5. CONCLUSION: Most of the ADRs are avoidable if there is good communication and reports which plays a pivotal role in minimizing the ADRs. Drugs must be prescribed rationally and polypharmacy should be avoided as much as possible. To avoid the iatrogenic diseases, Pharmacovigilance is a matter of great concern for the health care providers and for the general mass too.
Background: Upper limbs are very important to motor functionality. However, in majority of stroke patients, arm functions are impaired resulting in disabilities and restrictions to function. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of mirror therapy in the motor recovery of upper extremity in the post stroke hemiplegic patient.Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted among 72 post stroke patients aged 35-65 years having hemiparesis attending the PMR OPD in RIMS, Manipur from 2013 to 2016. Assessment was done for FIM self care and Brunnstrom stages of motor recovery at baseline and 1 month and 6 month of post treatment. Both the study and control group participated in a stroke rehabilitation programme and study group was given mirror therapy in addition. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics like Chi-square test, Student’s t test, and ANOVA were used. A p-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results: Mean age were 54.56±7.61 years (study) and 55.11±7.99 years (control). Majority of them were males (61.1%). Significant improvement was noted in the study group from baseline to 1 month and 6 months follow up. Mean score comparison of FIM self care between study and control group from baseline to 1 month was (28.28±3.11 to 34.11±2.59 vs 28.00±4.30 to 29.50±4.58) and from 1 to 6 months follow up was (34.11±2.59 to 37.83±2.04 vs 29.50±4.58 to 32.44±4.82) respectively.Conclusions: There was a significant improvement in hand function regarding both motor recovery and daily self care activities in the study group.
Background: Childhood obesity is emerging as one of the serious public health problems. It has become one of the significant risk factors associated with a cluster of non-communicable diseases which causes an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the body fat % and prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent in Manipur and to identify factors which may contribute to overweight.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 12,410 students studying in class VIII-XII in four districts of Manipur from 2007-2009. A self-administered questionnaire method was used. BMI and Body composition were determined using the TANITA Body Composition Analyzer. Overweight/ obesity were classified by using WHO classification. Analysis done using SPSSv20 and mean (SD), percentages and Chi-square test were used. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The overall mean fat % was 19.4±6.1 and girls have higher fat% than boys. Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity were 6.4% and 1.2% respectively. Obesity prevalence was more among girls than boys (1.6% vs 1.0%). Statistically significant association was found between obesity with family history of overweight, private schooling, playing games, mode of transport to school, sleeping hours, being vegetarian and watching television.Conclusions: Though the prevalence of overweight and obesity as compared to other parts of India is low, the increasing trend is a definite cause of concern. Therefore, there is a need for primary prevention targeted among children and adolescents regarding adoption of healthy life styles.
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