Meta-analyses showed that flavonoids have a promising role in improving visual function in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT), and appear to play a part in both improving and slowing the progression of visual field loss.

Importance Keratoconus disproportionately affects people with Down syndrome (DS). This is the first study of its kind in Australasia. Background To investigate the prevalence of keratoconus in DS. Design Cross‐sectional study. Participants Athletes with DS attending 2017 New Zealand Special Olympics National Summer Games. Methods Keratoconus was identified using corneal topography (TMS‐4N, Tomey). Topography from both eyes was required to be included. Two independent quantitative criteria were used to indicate keratoconus. The first was keratoconus severity index ≥ 30%. The second, adapted from the literature, required at least four of eight topographic parameters to be abnormal. Data from the worse eye were analysed. Diagnosis in each group was subsequently confirmed qualitatively by three corneal fellowship‐trained ophthalmologists. Those with a definitive diagnosis were grouped into Keratoconus Confirmed Group 1 (KCC1) and Keratoconus Confirmed Group 2 (KCC2), respectively. Main Outcome Measures Keratoconus prevalence, severity, demographics. Results Of 110 athletes screened, N = 98 were included, mean age 30.0 ± 9.7 years. Using only topographic data, keratoconus was identified in 39 (39.8%) athletes by quantitative topographic criteria 1, and in 63 (64.3%) athletes by criteria 2. Keratoconus was confirmed by qualitative sub‐specialist review in 30 (30.6%) (KCC1) and 38 (38.8%) (KCC2) athletes, respectively. Mean keratometry in groups KCC1 and KCC2 were 48.4 ± 3.2D and 48.2 ± 2.9D, respectively. Most were male (KCC1 63.3%, KCC2 76.3%) and of European ethnicity (KCC1 80%, KCC2 78.9%). Conclusions and Relevance We report keratoconus in 30.6% to 38.8% of athletes with DS; therefore, we believe keratoconus screening is indicated in DS for early management.

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A 22-year-old man of Māori ethnicity with a history of keratoconus and atopy presented with sudden-onset reduced visual acuity in the left eye. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 OD and counting fingers OS. The left cornea exhibited a large break in the Descemet membrane, with severe stromal edema extending 360°t o the limbus (Figure). Early stromal neovascularization was visible inferiorly. By 3 months, the edema had resolved peripherally, but despite treatment with eyedrops of prednisolone acetate, 1%, 4 times a day, the peripheral deep stromal neovascularization had progressed. Acute corneal hydrops is the occurrence of corneal edema following a break in the Descemet membrane and endothelium. 1