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Select hospital characteristics are associated with readmissions after major operative procedures. Because financial penalties may worsen performance in vulnerable or low-resource settings, policies aimed at reducing readmissions should be attentive to the potential unintended consequences.

BACKGROUND: Although recent evidence suggests worse outcomes for patients admitted to the hospital on a weekend, the impact of weekend discharge is less understood.

Statistical analyses of geochemical data from ferromanganese nodule samples representing a broad area of the southeast Pacific Ocean indicate nodule compositions are controlled by four factors: (1) suboxic diagenesis; (2) oxic diagenesis; (3) hydrogenous precipitation; and (4) hydrothermal precipitation. The first three are identical to those identified in studies of nodules from the North Pacific; the fourth factor represents the first quantitative determination of a significant hydrothermal end-member in ferromanganese nodules. Nodules apparently acquire a hydrothermal component through the accretion of colloidal-sized hydrothermal precipitates whicti are widely dispersed from their origin at vents along the East Pacific Rise (EPR). Nodules recovered from beneath the "shadow" of the present-day hydrothermal plumes emanating from the EPR contain significantly higher amounts of hydrothermal material relative to nodules from other areas.

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