Power exchanges in Europe have been operating since the 1990s, while in the region of Southeast Europe (SEE) they are only a few years old. Volatility is considered to be one of the indicators that define the level of market development. In this paper, the authors examine 15 power markets in Europe with the novelty of special attention dedicated to the SEE markets, in terms of their volatility. The aim of this paper is to investigate volatility on SEE markets, and their correlation with developed European markets. Power price volatility is measured by price velocity concepts, the daily velocity based on daily/monthly/quarterly/yearly and overall average power prices. The outcomes reveal that power price volatility is higher in new SEE markets than in more mature European markets. The least volatile market is the Greek pool, followed by Switzerland and Austria. The Bulgarian market is the most volatile, followed by that of Romania, and these markets are nearly twice as volatile as the ones previously mentioned. A correlation matrix is carried out and confirms positive correlation between all markets in terms of their average prices. However, a correlation matrix of measured volatilities depicts a negative correlation, in some cases, between SEE and Central European (CE) markets.
Communication in medicine is considered a core skill of the doctor on the way to successful diagnosis and treatment, and establishing an adequate relationship with the patient. In a similar way, should take place and the communication process between physician-patient and nurse-patient, and between all actors of the medical team and patients. Good communication skills, patience and sensitivity to the problems of the patient are necessary to create mutual trust. It is important to be in communication with the patient never imposing your own views, even when we are deeply convinced that whatever we do, we do it for their own good. Communication in health care requires knowledge, competence and technical skills, including the need for continuing active learning and practicing communication skills of all members of the medical team, both doctors and nurses and other staff who work with patients.
Cilj. Studija je imala za cilj da utvrdi da li postoji oštećenje zdravlja kod školske dece i adolescenata sa povećanom telesnom masom a koja su različitog uzrasta. Metode. U studiji dizajna preseka uključena su deca koja su svrstana u tri grupe: od I-IV razreda, od V-VIII i srednjoškolce. Neinvazivnim izikalnim pregledom odredjeni su studijski parametri a uzeti su uzorci krvi za laboratorijske analize. Određen je stepen uhranjenosti putem izračunavanja indeksa telesne mase (BMI), vrednosti krvnog pritiska, procenat masti u organizmu (Deurenbergova formula), holesterol i trigliceridi. Podaci su analizirani metodama deskriptivne statistike i testiranja hipoteze, uz p≤0.05. Rezultati. U studiji je bilo 10 dečaka i 30 devojčica, dobi 13.1±2.8 godina (srednja vrednost, SD), sa vrednostima sistolnog krvnog pritiska 118.8±14.1 mmHg i dijastolnog krvnog pritiska 78.5±5.5 mmHg, serumskog holesterola 4.48±0.72 mmol/L i triglicerida 1.26±0.71 mmom/L i indeks telesne mase-ITM 30.72±4.68 kg/m2. Normalno uhranjenih je bilo 4 (10%), dece sa prekomenom telesnom masom 14 (35%), gojaznih I stepena 13 (32.5%), gojaznih II stepena 7 (17.5%), gojaznih III stepena 2 (5%) a prosečni udeo masnog tkiva u telu je bio 38.0±6.1%. ITM je bio značajno veći kod dece starijeg školskog uzrasta i srednjoškolaca nego kod dece u mladjim razredima osnovne škole (p=0.006) i značajno je korelirao sa uzrastom, sistolnim i dijastolnim pritiskom i vrednostima triglicerida u krvi (p<0.05). Zaključak. Aktuelni status uhranjenosti dece uključene u studiju predstavlja značajan rizik od razvoja bolesti, kao što su kardiovaskularne (npr. hipertenzija) i oboljenja metabolizma (npr. metabolički sindrom).
SUMMARYAim: This study investigated the cumulative incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women treated in gynaecology departments of healthcare facilities in two towns in Serbia and one town in the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia, including their medical records in public health reports.Methods: A cross-sectional observational research design with retrospective data collection during a five-year period (2008-2012) originated from women treated as in-and out-patients. The data included the results of cervical and urethral swab testing on Chlamydia trachomatis infection and women's gynaecological diagnoses in Pomoravlje County (the Institute of Public Health Cuprija "Pomoravlje" in Cuprija, Alba outpatient clinic, Paracin) and in Skopje (Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, "Mikrolab" laboratory).Results: The incidence of positive ELISA assay from samples from the Institute of Public Health "Pomoravlje" Cuprija and polyclinic Alba was 6.5% and 12.5%, respectively (p < 0.01). The incidence of positive DFA test from samples from the Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Skopje and "Mikrolab" laboratory was 18.8% and 15.2%, respectively (p = 0.20). In Pomoravlje County and in Skopje 7.5% and 17.6% of urethral swab samples were positive for Chlamydia trachomatis, respectively (p < 0.01). The rate of microbiological samples tested for Chlamydia trachomatis in Pomoravlje County and Skopje was 48.4% and 21.2%, respectively (p < 0.01). One-year incidences of Infectio sexuales chlamydiales (A56) from 2007-2011 were significantly different among three data settings relating to Serbia, the FYR of Macedonia and Pomoravlje County (p < 0.001).Conclusions: The incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis positive cervical and urethral swabs in our study were highly variable between countries and within individual hospitals and caused by many factors.
Cilj. Cilj rada je da utvrdi učestalost namernog abortusa tokom petogodišnjeg perioda u Topličkom okrugu, osnovne sociodemografske determinante žena i analizira metode kontracepcije.Metode. Podaci o učestalosti abortusa su prikupljeni iz dokumentacije Opšte bolnice Prokuplje za period [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013]. godine, a ostali parametri za period 2012-2013. godine. Nivo znanja o zaštiti tokom seksualnog odnosa prikupljen je anketiranjem slučajnog uzorka od 50 ispitanica starosne dobi 20-50 godina.Rezultati. Fluktuacija broja namernih prekida trudnoće (174, 191, 154, 163, 148) nije statistički značajna (p=0.135). U dobi 20-29 godina se vrši najveći broj namernih pobačaja. Nema razlike u broju namernih prekida u subpopulacijama žena prema uzrastu između dva ispitivana perioda (p=0.871). Najveći broj prekida su imale udate žene a veći broj se učini u gradu nego na selu. Od ukupnog broja žena sa namernim abortusom najviše je bilo sa 2 prethodna porođaja (46%). Od ukupnog broja namernih pobačaja kod 28,6% žena je bio prvi. Prekidi trudnoće su vršeni od 6-10 nedelje, a najčešće u 8. nedelji gestacije. Varijacije u učestalosti nisu bile statistički značajne izmedju dve ispitivane godine (p=0.500). Zaštitu tokom seksualnog odnosa koristi 36%, ne koristi 48%, ponekad koristi 16% ispitanica. Od ispitanica koje redovno ili povremeno koriste kontraceptivna sredstva njih 20% koristi oralne kontraceptive, 16% upotrebljava kondom, dok manji broj koristi kombinovane ili druge, tradicionalne metode.Zaključak. Učestalost namernog pobačaja kod ispitivane populacije žena je znatna, ne pokazuje značajne uktuacije u broju i socio-demografskim činiocima, a korišćenje savremenih metoda kontracepcije je nedovoljno.Ključne reči: abortus, namerni; kontracepcija; javno zdravlje.Objective. The aim of study was to determine frequency of induced abortion during a five-year period in Toplica count, basic socio-demographic determinants of a woman and analyze methods of contraception. Results. Fluctuations in number of induced abortions (174, 191, 154, 163, 148) were not significant (p=0.135). The highest number of induced abortions was at age 20-29 years. There was no difference within subpopulations of women by age between two studied periods (p=0.871). Married women had more abortion as well as women at city than in countryside. Women with 2 previous births were prevailing (46%) as well as women in which the induced abortions were the first one (28.6%). Abortions were performed at 6-10 weeks, usually in the 8th week of gestation, in both years (p=0.500). Protection during sexual intercourse used 36% of women, did not use 48% ones and sometimes used 16% women. Of respondents who regularly or occasionally use contraception 20% of them used oral contraceptives, 16% used a condom, while a smaller number are used combination or other traditional methods.Conclusion. Incidence of induced abortions in study population of women is high, there were no significant fluctuations in incidence as well as in women's socio-demographic factors, and us...
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