This Minireview covers the latest developments of chemosensors based on transition-metal receptors and organic fluorophores with specific binding sites for the luminescent detection and recognition of iodide in aqueous media and real samples. In all selected examples within the last decade (made-post 2010), the iodide sensing and recognition is probed by monitoring real-time changes of the fluorescence or phosphorescence properties of the chemosensors. This review highlights effective strategies to iodide sensing from a structural approach where the iodide recognition/sensing process, through supramolecular interactions as coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds and electrostatic interactions, is transduced into an optical change easily measurable. The selective iodide sensing is an active field of research with global interest due to the importance of iodide in biological, medicinal, industrial, environmental and chemical processes.
Three new diboronic acid-substituted bisquinolinium salts were synthesized, structurally described by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and studied in-depth as fluorescent receptors for six monosaccharides and two open-chain polyols in water at physiological pH. The dicationic pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide-based receptors contain two N-quinolinium rings as the fluorescent units covalently linked to three different isomers of phenylboronic acid (ortho, 2; meta, 3; and para, 4) as chelating binding sites for polyols. Additions of glucose/fructose in the micromolar concentration range to receptors 2 and 3 induce significant fluorescence changes, but in the presence of arabinose, galactose, mannose, and xylose, only modest optical changes are observed. This optical change is attributed to a static photoinduced electron transfer mechanism. The meta-diboronic receptor 3 exhibited a high affinity/selectivity toward glucose (K = 3800 M −1 ) over other monosaccharides including common interfering species such as fructose and mannitol. Based on multiple spectroscopic tools, electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry, crystal structures, and density functional theory calculations, the binding mode between 3 and glucose is proposed as a 1:1 complex with the glucofuranose form involving a cooperative chelating diboronate binding. These results demonstrate the usefulness of a new set of cationic fluorescent diboronic acid receptors with a strong ability for optical recognition of glucose in the sub-millimolar concentration range.
Interactions of anthracene appended ortho-aminomethylphenylboronic acid 1 with 20 organic and inorganic anions have been studied by fluorescence, 1H and 11B NMR titrations in DMSO. Carboxylate, phosphate and sulphate anions...
Atorvastatin is amongst the most worldwide-prescribed drugs for treating hypercholesterolemia. In this work, a water-stable 3D porous metal-organic framework {[Zn3(Htptc)2]·(H2O)1.3·(CH3CH2OH)3.1}n, 1 (H4tptc= terphenyl-3,3″,5,5″-tetracarboxylic acid) was synthesized, structurally determined by single-crystal...
Sensitive and direct sensing of cyanide in buffered aqueous solutions at pH = 7.0 by three new blue photoluminescent zinc-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylato coordination polymers bearing di-alkyl-2,2′-bipyridines has been achieved.
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