-Some diffi culties may arise during the divorce process, taking the family into "destructive divorce". In such cases, some authors can see the rising of Parental Alienation (PA). This article aims to criticize PA, refl ecting about the Family Life Cycle and divorce. Regarding this, a qualitative study was conducted with legal actors (judges, prosecutors, psychologists, social workers, lawyers) on the issues of divorce and PA and the results were built using the conceptions of Zones of Sense by Gonzalez Rey. The summary results are: (a) PA does not contextualize the confl ict; (b) it does not consider the history of the relationships; (c) it pathologizes, medicates and criminalizes the phenomena of post-divorce and (d) PA underestimates the child in the confl ict.

The best interests of the child (BIC) should be of primary consideration in any situation involving children. Thus, BIC is commonly adopted as a principle, doctrine or test to weight decision-making regarding children. This study consists of an integrative literature review of English and Portuguese publications aimed at investigating how various studies address BIC definitions, characteristics and applications. The inclusion criteria were: 1) articles published between 2012 and 2017, and 2) those clearly addressing a BIC definition, characteristic and/or application. The chosen English databases were ASSIA, PsychARTICLES, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar; the Portuguese databases were: LILACS, PePsic, Redalyc, Periódicos CAPES and Google Scholar. The main descriptor used was ‘best interests of the child’ which led to 1488 articles being found, and 14 selected. Brazilian articles have focused on the need to protect the child’s physical and psycho-socioemotional well-being, highlighting the child as a subject of rights, and maintaining child’s familial bonds. English articles have broadened the BIC perspective, highlighting the child’s idiosyncrasies, the role of the parent’s interests, and BIC as non-individualistic, flexible and complex. Other results show that BIC is largely related to the child’s development, which is divided into ‘material-physiological’ (basic needs and surviving) and ‘contextual’ (non-material and psychosocial and emotional needs) domains. Overall, BIC is a pluralistic, complex and multi-dimensional construct that depends on the child’s relational contexts.

Após a promulgação da lei nº 12.318 em 2010, a notoriedade e discussão sobre Alienação Parental (AP) aumentaram  não só no contexto psicojurídico, mas também no social. Esse fenômeno repercutiu também nas publicações acadêmicas sobre o assunto. Este artigo analisou as publicações sobre alienação parental, em língua portuguesa, entre os anos de 2008 e 2014, com o objetivo de investigar a qualidade científica dos periódicos – tendo como base o sistema Qualis-Capes. Foram encontrados 816 resultados com o descritor “alienação parental” apresentando aumento significativo depois de 2010. A partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 29 artigos seguiram para a análise mais profunda. Desses, 80% eram publicações do direito, apenas 6,7% eram empíricos, 86% corroboravam as postulações da AP e ¾ estavam entre os estratos B4 e C. Os assuntos mais associados foram falsas memórias e/ou alegações de abuso sexual (42%) e guarda compartilhada (12%). O estudo concluiu que existem muitas publicações sobre o assunto, mas há ainda, nas publicações em português, um déficit em termo de estrutura, metodologia e rigor científico.

A preservação dos melhores interesses da criança/adolescente (MICA) nos casos de disputa de guarda e convivência após a separação conjugal é uma tarefa difícil para os atores jurídicos envolvidos nesses casos. Existem alguns fatores que desempenham um papel significativo nesse contexto, ao modificar e/ou moldar o processo legal e o processo de tomada de decisão. Assim, a depender da dinâmica apresentada por esses fatores, o processo de tomada de decisão pode ser mais ou menos difícil. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão narrativa de literatura que teve como objetivo trazer uma visão comparativa entre os processos legais no Brasil e na Inglaterra, bem como questões contextuais envolvidas na disputa de guarda após a separação conjugal. Nesse sentido, são discutidos entendimentos e orientações legais quanto aos MICA, assim como regulações legais relativas à relação parento-filial e divórcio nos dois países. Revela-se que questões legais e culturais podem moldar esses entendimentos e orientações, o que pode levar a diferenças significativas no processo judicial referente à guarda de crianças em ambos os países. Assim, destacam-se e se discutem diferenças culturais e jurídicas relevantes entre o common law inglês e o civil law brasileiro (e.g., concepções sobre ‘guarda’; poder familiar; arranjos de guarda; e o processo judicial em processos de guarda e convivência), as quais podem impactar o processo de tomada de decisão e os melhores interesses da criança.

Context factors (e.g. a family’s developmental crisis) can affect the child custody decision-making process and the child’s best interests after parental separation. But what are these context factors, and how can they vary across different cultures and legal systems? This paper reports a cross-cultural qualitative study funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and was carried out under a Naturalistic Decision-making approach. This study addresses context factors that impact the decision-making of experienced legal actors working in child custody cases. Interviews were conducted with 73 legal actors (judges, prosecutors, lawyers, psychologists, and social workers) in Brazil and England. The data gathered were analysed employing a reflexive thematic analysis that generated seven themes addressing how uncertainty is structured by context factors in child custody cases after parental separation. The themes generated encompassed three domains (‘family’, ‘family court’, and ‘legal-psychosocial’) that draw attention to the sources of uncertainty in child custody cases, especially to the role of contextual players (family and children) in the child custody decision-making process.

Objective: to analyze the relationship between risk perception and behaviors related to driving a motor vehicle under the influence of cannabis. Method: The research was carried out through a cross-sectional survey. 382 undergraduate students between the ages of 17 and 29 were interviewed at a private higher educational institution in the Federal District, Brazil. Descriptive and inferential statistics (cross tabulations and chi-square) were used to analyze the data. Results: they indicate that more than 1/3 of the participants used cannabis in the past 12 months, and 36.4% reported problematic use. It was possible to establish a relationship between the behaviors of perception of risk and driving a motor vehicle under the influence of cannabis: 1) the perception of being sanctioned as a driver and driving a motor vehicle under the influence of cannabis (χ2(1) = 3.96, p=≤0); 2) to perceive damages as driver and driving a motor vehicle under the influence of cannabis (χ2(1)=3.96, p = ≤05); 3) perception of damages as passenger and driving a motor vehicle under the influence of cannabis (χ2(1)=3.96, p=≤5.0). Conclusion: damages caused by cannabis are underestimated by university students, since they have a very low risk perception, especially when compared to alcohol. In Brazil, there is also a lack of regulation and sanctions with respect to driving a motor vehicle under the influence of cannabis, which may contribute to an important risk among this population.

Context factors (e.g., a family’s developmental crisis) can affect the child custody decision-making process and the child’s best interests after parental separation. But what are these context factors, and how do they vary across different cultures and legal systems? This paper reports a cross-cultural qualitative study funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and was carried under a Naturalistic Decision-making approach. This study addresses factors that impact the decision-making of experienced legal actors in child custody cases. Interviews were conducted with 73 legal actors (judges, prosecutors, lawyers, psychologists and social workers) in Brazil and England. The data gathered were analysed employing a reflexive thematic analysis that generated seven themes addressing how uncertainty is structured by context factors in child custody cases after parental separation. The themes encompass three domains (‘family’, ‘family court’ and ‘legal-psychosocial’) that draw the attention to the sources of uncertainty in child custody cases, especially to the role of contextual players (family and children) in the child custody decision-making process.

Nas situações de divórcio envolvendo filhos, a Justiça sempre é chamada para decidir, entre outras coisas, a guarda das crianças/adolescentes. Neste sentido, este artigo objetivou compreender as concepções e práticas de atores jurídicos (juízes, promotores, psicólogos, assistentes sociais) que atuam nos casos de disputa de guarda a respeito do Princípio do Melhor Interesse da Criança. A metodologia foi qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Como instrumento, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada. A análise deu-se por meio da formação das Zonas de Sentido, propostas por González Rey. Entrevistou-se um juiz, um promotor, um psicólogo e um assistente social que atuavam em casos de disputa de guarda em uma cidade satélite do Distrito Federal, por pelo menos cinco anos. Os resultados sugerem uma compreensão complexa do Princípio do Melhor Interesse da Criança e a sua dimensão Jurídico-Psicossocial. Observou-se também que as relações familiares e as dinâmicas do sistema familiar podem interferir no processo de guarda e dificultar e/ou facilitar a avaliação/atuação psicossocial e jurídica, além de interferir também na garantia dos melhores interesses da criança.