Social class is an important cultural construct, but it is poorly used in research. Problems in using social class may be associated with its poor definition in previous studies; conflating between social class and socioeconomic status; using objective indices such as income, education, and occupation rather than subjective measures; regarding social class as an adult experience; and not focusing on classism. Supporting the need to redefine social class, a content analysis of 3 counseling journals between 1981 and 2000 was conducted. Three thousand nine hundred fifteen articles were reviewed, yielding 710 articles using social class. Results showed social class was used in more theoretical than empirical articles, there was inconsistency in measuring social class, and 448 different words to describe social class. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

Because social class and classism remain elusive constructs in psychology, this 2‐part article first lays the foundation for the Social Class Worldview Model and then the Modern Classism Theory. A case example is used for illustration. The authors also provide counseling applications and recommendations for future research. Debido a que la clase social y el clasismo continuan siendo unos conceptos evasivos en la psicología, este artículo de 2 partes establece una fundación para el Modelo de Cosmovisión de Clase Social y la Teoría Moderna del Clasismo. Se utiliza un caso de ejemplo para su ilustración. Los autores también proporcionan aplicaciones para la consejería y recomendaciones para investigaciónes futuras.

Poor adherence to treatment in rehabilitation has historically been a costly and far-reaching problem. This article summarizes factors thought to affect adherence, including patient, treatment provider, environmental, and treatment characteristics. A model of adherence is proposed that emphasizes treatment characteristics. The concepts of treatment accommodation and research acceptability are introduced. Finally, steps are proposed to help clinicians design and implement treatment plans that facilitate treatment adherence in rehabilitation.

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Much of the practice of clinical neuropsychology is performed in the role of consultant and although the neuropsychologist is dependent upon referrals made from outside sources, relatively little attention has been devoted to the investigation of the referral process. Surveys of clinicians and referral sources have reported breakdowns of referral sources by discipline and general topics of referral questions based on recollection, but direct analysis of referral patterns across the same period has not been undertaken. By examining the referral questions rather than neuropsychologists" or referral sources" recollection of referrals, this study expands what is known about referral content and patterns. To date, no other study has examined the content of referral questions to investigate the practice of clinical neuropsychology. In an effort to explain question content without relying upon recollection, a coding rubric was designed to capture the breadth of presenting problems and requests seen in the original referral questions. Two-thousand-six-hundred referral questions were selected from the odd year over the 25 year period from 1983 to 2007, yielding a total of 2600 referral questions. Cochran"s Kappa was used to conduct interrater reliability analyses in three stages across the entire rating process. Content analysis showed that 79.1% of all questions had at more than minimal content. The most common request was for assistance with diagnostic considerations, which was present in 66.4% of all cases. Assistance with differential diagnoses was requested in 27.4% of all cases with the majority of these composed of requests for assistance in differentiating between psychiatric and neurological or other medical considerations. There was evidence for a trend over time 14. The Five Most Common Presenting Problems .