The amygdala of the box turtle lies beneath the posterior hypopallial ridge, Three nuclear groups may be distinguished in it: (1) the anterior amygdaloid area, (2) the basolateral group and ( 3 ) the corticomedial group. The anterior amygdaloid area shows no subdivisions; its location ventral and ventromedial to the caudal part of the small-celled portion of the piriform area is evident. The basolateral group is subdivided into lateral and basal amygdaloid nuclei. The interconnections of this group through the anterior commissure with the comparable area in the opposite amygdala and with the corticomedial group indicate that it is functionally a vicarious cortex. The corticomedial group is divisible into medial and cortical amygdaloid nuclei. The medial nucleus is poorly defined. The cortical nucleus is bounded by the medial amygdaloid nucleus on the medial side and the ventral border of the piriform cortex laterally, and is comparable to the cortical amygdaloid nucleus of higher vertebrates.The lateral olfactory tract arises from mitral cells of the olfactory bulb and accessory
This paper is a n anatomical and experimental study of the location and the connections of certain selected areas of the macaque midbrain and forebrain. Lesions of the comparable areas in man produce involuntary movements (including tremor), loathness to move, rigidity and other disabilities which characterize the symptomatology of patients with a Parkinsonian syndrome.
A description is presented of the autosomal recessive type of childhood muscular dystrophy appearing in 14 members (9 males, 5 females) of one closely inbred kindred. The clinical description of these individuals is supplemented by data on values for proteins, protein-bound iodine, hexosamine and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in serum, and excretion of amino acids and creatine-creatinine. In comparing this autosomal recessive type with the more common sex-linked recessive type of childhood muscular dystrophy, the most reliable differentiating feature noted was the presence of dystrophy in a female within a family.
The muscle involvement in these two types of diseases was similar except for the preservation of the zygomaticus muscles of the face in the autosomal recessive type as compared with the involvement of these muscles and resultant flat smile in the sexlinked recessive type of dystrophy. Pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles occurred in 4 of 14 affected individuals of this kindred and therefore cannot be considered a dependable differentiating feature. The patients with the autosomal recessive type of muscular dystrophy had a later age of onset (5 to 13 years), a slower progression and a possible longer life span than those having the sex-linked recessive type. The importance of differentiating muscular dystrophy into types based on mode of inheritance is emphasized.
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