Tomato skins can be a viable source of lycopene. Industrial production of lycopene from tomatoes appears to be in high demand by food companies for the development of functional foods. Majority of companies that are into the business of manufacturing fruit extracts, prefer conventional solvent extraction method. Solvent extraction is extremely efficient with carotenoids (lycopene and β-carotene) with a total of carotenoids recovery of 96%. The optimization of the solvent extraction process for the maximum recovery of lycopene from tomato pomace was carried out by selecting the suitable solvent system, temperature-time combination and feed to solvent ratio, i.e. Acetone: Ethyl acetate (1:1), 40°C/5hr and 1:30 (w/v). The maximum lycopene was extracted using optimized solvent extraction process and had the lycopene content 611.105 mg/100 g, refractive index 1.37604 and colour value 5.59L*, 8.00a*, 6.14b*. The storage of lycopene extract at refrigerated condition was found safe for maintaining its lycopene content. There was just 2.6% reduction in lycopene content after 60 days of storage at refrigerated condition.
Background: Contact dermatitis to Staphylinid beetle is a well known entity worldwide. Paederus sabaeus (Econda) species of this insect was responsible for a widespread occurrence of this dermatitis in United Nations (UN) troops posted in Congo. This study was undertaken to observe the various aspects of this unique dermatitis in the mission area. Methods: All clinically diagnosed cases of contact dermatitis to Econda occurring in Indian troops posted to UN mission in Congo during the study period were included. Their epidemiological and clinical characteristics with treatment options were studied in detail. Result: A wide range of dermatological manifestations were seen in the subjects under study. Few of the manifestations observed in the study have not been reported earlier in literature. Most of the reactions occurred on the exposed areas. Treatment options were guided by the site and the severity of the reaction. Conclusion: Contact dermatitis to Staphylinid beetle can mimic various other dermatoses and has to be considered in the differential diagnosis in all dermatological consultations during the peak season in the Congo mission area. The insect was found to have certain definite behavioural patterns, the knowledge of which would help in preventing this dermatosis.
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