Background and Purpose: Modern management of acute stroke necessitates early diagnosis. To this end, we sought to delineate the radiographic features of focal hemispheric infarction within 5 hours of ictus.Methods: Fifty patients, ages 54-79, with ischemic strokes productive of at least hemiparesis underwent computed tomographic scanning and cerebral angiography (n=38) or carotid ultrasound (n=12). Radiographic lesions were characterized for location, size, and pathophysiology.Results: Acute abnormalities, hypodensity, and mass effect were seen in 56% of scans and confirmed on a second scan 5-7 days later. Intracranial angiographic abnormalities occurred in 61% of patients: arterial occlusions in 45% and delayed arterial filling in 16%. Hemorrhagic infarctions occurred in 26% of second scans and were associated with mass effect (100%) and arterial occlusions (89%). Infarcts with hemorrhagic transformation were larger on both scans than those without (p=0.001). Of four patients with infarctions in watershed territories on the scans, two had middle cerebral artery occlusions on angiography, thereby questioning the specificity of such scan lesions to low-flow states.Conclusions: We conclude that cerebral infarctions are often visible on early scans, but their locations may not be etiologically determinative. The infarcts associated with intracranial arterial occlusions (45%) were of thromboembolic origin, but, given current controversies as to the pathophysiology of lacunar and watershed infarctions, we cannot ascertain the etiology in the remainder. These findings are relevant to the new stroke therapies that require administration in the first hours after infarction. (Stroke 1991^2:1245-1253)
Intra- and extraventricular subarachnoid spaces in children were studied by high-resolution computed tomography. Scans were reviewed of 34 patients who were selected as highly likely to have normal scans. Sizes of the ventricular system and the seven extraventricular subarachnoid compartments were analyzed and graded on a subjective scale from 0 (not visible) to 4 (markedly enlarged). Data were also analyzed by age group (greater or less than 2 years of age). The subarachnoid spaces were found to be both larger and more variable in size before the age of 2 years and to be quite uniform thereafter. Based on these findings, it is inadvisable to base specific diagnoses during the first 2 years of life solely upon modest enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces.
The optimal management of patients with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus is facilitated by a constant review of the patients with the aid of the sonogram and CT scan. Six infants treated with simultaneous shunt placement and myelomeningocele repair were compared with six other neonates treated with conventional sequential myelomeningocele repairs requiring a second separate procedure for shunt placement. Infants operated upon simultaneously experienced no increase in morbidity or mortality and appeared to benefit substantially.
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