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The purpose of this paper is to discuss sternal instability a problem occasionally associated with midline sternotomy, including the etiology, predisposing conditions, diagnosis and management. Among the methods of repair, sternal weaving and pectoralis muscle advancement are thought to be especially effective.

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Resistance training adds to the effects of aerobic training in cardiac rehabilitation patients by improving muscular strength, increasing lean body mass, and reducing body fat.

We conclude that reduction ascending aortoplasty is certainly alive. Although it does not appear to be an extremely popular operation, about half of the surgeons who responded believe it to be justified. Regardless of which modality is used, lifetime monitoring of ascending aortic size is essential and so advised. Because of recent sporadic reports of "under-the-wrap" aortic wall atrophy and rupture, the issue of reinforcement of reduction ascending aortoplasty requires continued re-evaluation.

Extrapleural pneumonectomy for diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma was concluded to be a treatment option in stage Ib cases with epithelial histology. To evaluate precisely the efficacy of surgery for the disease, a randomized control trial must be organized multi-institutionally.

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