The results from this study demonstrate that mMSCs contribute to beneficial changes in satellite cell expansion and growth in α7Tg muscle after eccentric exercise. Thus, MSCs that naturally accumulate in the muscle after eccentric contractions may enhance the adaptive response to exercise.

Purpose: The authors explored changes in outcome measures and return to meaningful life activities in six individuals who participated in a home-based multi-modal rehabilitation programme to address persistent dizziness and debility that had continued for more than 9 months since a documented concussion. Methods: In a case series using a repeated-measures design, changes from pre-to post-treatment assessments were assessed after a 6-month intervention. The outcome measures used were the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire's subsidiary scales (RPQ-3, RPQ-13), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Functional Gait Assessment, return to work or study, and return to activity. Results: Six months after the multi-modal rehabilitation programme, statistically significant differences were found on the RPQ-3 (p ¼ 0.026), RPQ-13 (p ¼ 0.037), and DHI (p ¼ 0.033). In addition, four participants had returned to their previous work, and all six participants had been able to return to physical activity. Conclusion: A supervised home programme, provided in the context of a multi-modal rehabilitation programme, has the potential to improve outcomes even when rehabilitative services are delayed and persistent concussion-related symptoms continue for a significant amount of time after the onset of a concussion.

Several clinically feasible training methods have the potential to improve reactive postural responses in older adults; however, conclusions on the efficacy of treatment methods are limited because of numerous methodological issues and heterogeneity in outcomes and intervention procedures.