The study aimed to investigate the effect of beta-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, fecal consistency, and carcass characteristics of weanling pigs. A total of 100 weaned piglets (initial body weight = 7 ± 0.5 kg) were divided into 2 dietary treatments of (T1) control diet; and (T2) beta-mannanase supplemented diet. Each treatment was replicated 5 times with a pen of 10 piglets each following a completely randomized design. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum during the 30- day feeding trial. Fecal scores per pen were determined every morning on a daily basis; 1 pig per replicate was randomly selected for carcass evaluation. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in feed conversion ratio, fecal consistency scores, dressing percentage, and loin eye area between T1 and T2. Treatment T1 produced a greater body weight and gained weight faster compared to T2. In conclusion, beta-mannanase supplementation did not improve growth performance, fecal consistency, and carcass characteristics in weanling pigs. The amount of beta-mannanase was not enough to degrade the non-starch polysaccharides of the soybean meal.
Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are important zoonotic parasites of dogs and cats. The increasing use of medicinal plants as anti-parasitic agents are attributed to its advantages like less side effects, with lower risk of anthelmintic resistance, and as cheaper alternatives. Although there are still no reports of anthelmintic resistance in Toxocara spp, the tendency of it happening should always be anticipated. This review summarized the in vitro and in vivo studies of the anti-Toxocara activity of plants, to enumerate the different plant extracts and the isolated active compounds in relation to their activity. In vitro studies investigated were primarily done in Toxocara larvae, mostly second-stage larvae, while in vivo studies were performed in animals mainly to assess the effect of the plant extracts on larval migratory behavior. Among the all plants described in this review, family Asteraceae was the most studied for their anthelmintic activity against toxocara species. The isolated active compounds with promising results were pyrethrin, kaurenes, palasonin, certain piperamides and curcuminoids, asarone, ascaridole, quercetin, thymohydroquinone (TQ), and secondary metabolites like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. However, The mechanism of action of each active ingredient of the plant as an anti-toxocara requires further research.
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