Maize (Zea mays L.) is among the most cultivated crops in the world and can be affected by several diseases, especially those transmitted by seeds. The study of alternatives to fungicides used for seed treatment has a promising field in essential oils. Thus, this study determined the phytochemical profile of the ethanolic extract from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan and to evaluate its antifungal activity on the sanitary and physiological quality of maize seeds. The seeds used were of the Jaboatão cultivar, which were submitted to the following treatments: control (untreated seeds), commercial fungicide (dicarboximide) and A. colubrina extract at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 ppm. The seeds were subjected to sanitary and germination tests in a completely randomized experimental design. Phytochemical prospecting of A. colubrina extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins, as well as the major compounds lupeol, gallic acid, ferulic acid, catechin and quercetin. The A. colubrina extract reduced the incidence of Aspergillus spp., including Aspergillus niger, Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp. and Fusarium spp. at all concentrations. The highest concentrations (800 and 1,000 ppm) of the A. colubrina extract reduced the incidence of Penicillium spp. and yielded an effective control of Rhizoctonia spp. The extract of A. colubrina did not present phytotoxic effect, guaranteeing the viability and vigor of maize seeds.
O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a eficiência do Trichoderma harzianum sobre patógenos e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Gossypium hirsutum. As sementes de algodoeiro BRS 416 e Mocó foram submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: testemunha (sem tratamento), químico (dicarboximida 240 g. 100 kg-1 de sementes) e biológicos (T. harzianum 1 x 1010 UFC) nas concentrações de 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 e 400 g. 100 kg-1 de sementes. Para sanidade das sementes adotou-se o método blotter test e a qualidade fisiológica foi determinada pela germinação e vigor. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizados (DIC). Para o teste de sanidade o DIC foi constituído por dez repetições de vinte sementes em cada tratamento. Nos testes de germinação o delineamento foi composto por quatro repetições de cinquenta sementes. O uso de T. harzianum nas concentrações de 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 e 400 g. 100 kg1 sementes na concentração de 1 x 1010 aplicado nas sementes de algodão foram eficazes na redução de Aspergillus sp.; Fusarium sp.; Penicillium sp. e Alternaria sp. O T. harzianum não interferiu negativamente na germinação das sementes e proporcionou um aumento nos percentuais de germinação. O uso de produtos biológicos a base de T. harzianum é uma alternativa eficaz no tratamento de sementes de algodão. Palavras-chave: manejo biológico; grandes culturas; patologia de sementes. Control of pathogens in cotton seeds with the use of Trichoderma harzianum ABSTRACT: The objective of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum on pathogens and on the physiological quality of Gossypium hirsutum seeds. The BRS 416 and Mocó cotton seeds were subjected to the following treatments: control (no treatment), chemical (dicarboximide 240 g. 100 kg-1 of seeds) and biological (T. harzianum 1 x 1010 CFU) at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 g. 100 kg-1 of seeds. For seed health, the blotter test method was adopted and the physiological quality was determined by germination and vigor. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). For the health test, the CRD consisted of ten replicates of twenty seeds in each treatment. In the germination tests, the design consisted of four replications of fifty seeds. The use of T. harzianum in concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 g. 100 kg1 seeds at a concentration of 1 x 1010 applied to cotton seeds were effective in reducing Aspergillus sp.; Fusarium sp.; Penicillium sp. and Alternaria sp. T. harzianum did not interfere negatively in seed germination and provided an increase in germination percentages. The use of biological products based on T. harzianum is an effective alternative in the treatment of cotton seeds. Keywords: biological management; large cultures; seed pathology.
Controles alternativos de fungos em sementes de Gossypium hirsutum L. e avaliação da qualidade fisiológicaAlternatives controls of fungi in Gossypium hirsutum L. seeds evaluation of the physiological quality
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