Objective. We quantified the prevalence of impacted maxillary canines (IMC) and their association with other dental anomalies (DAs). Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was done with 860 patients 12 to 39 years of age. The prevalence of IMC was calculated and compared by sex. The sample was divided into a control group and an impaction group, and the prevalence was calculated in both for a series of anomalies: agenesis, supernumerary teeth, shape anomalies of the upper laterals (microdontia, peg and barrel shape, and talon cusp), fusion, gemination, other impacted teeth, transposition, and amelogenesis imperfecta. The prevalence values for both groups were compared (Pearson's χ2 test, p ≤ 0.05). Results. IMC were present in 6.04% of the sample with no difference by sex (p = 0.540). Other DAs occurred in 51.92% of the IMC group and in 20.17% of the controls (p < 0.05). Significant associations (p < 0.05) were identified between IMC and four other DAs: microdontia, barrel shape, other impacted teeth, and transposition. The prevalence of all anomalies was lower in the control group. Conclusion. IMC were seen in 6.04% of patients. Patients with this condition also had a higher prevalence of other DAs. These other anomalies should be used as risk indicators for early diagnosis.

Dental transmigration is a rare condition that mainly affects the mandibular canines. Since the tooth involved is usually impacted and its crown has crossed the midline towards the opposite side, the treatment options frequently are surgical removal or radiographic follow-up, and, in some cases, orthodontic traction is possible. In 2002, Mupparapu presented a classification for lower canines in transmigration according to their position within the mandible. This paper is aimed at describing the orthodontic treatment of a female patient with two impacted mandibular canines, one of them in a Mupparapu type 2 transmigration position (horizontal impaction position near the lower mandibular border and below the incisors’ root apices). Additionally, the paper discusses the biomechanical orthodontic design and the alternative treatment options for these complex cases.

Objectives: To increase understanding of the subsistence practices of the first Americans through analysis of the near-complete dentition of a young woman dating to the terminal Pleistocene of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Materials and Methods:The skeleton is that of "Naia" a 15 to 17-year-old female from the submerged natural trap of Hoyo Negro found in association with remains of numerous extinct species of megafauna. Superbly preserved remains included the skull with 28 teeth, which are analyzed for evidence of caries, periodontal disease, wear patterns, and malocclusion.

Background: Data on dental anomaly prevalence is instrumental to diagnosis and treatment in different populations. A retrospective study was done to determine dental anomaly prevalence and associations in a group of orthodontic patients in a Mexican population. Methods: Number, shape, eruption and structural dental anomalies were assessed from the records of 670 subjects. Prevalence, distribution, and associations between the different anomalies were calculated. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests (p<0.05) were used to identify significant differences by sex, and to establish associations among the studied anomalies. Results: Twenty-eight percent of the sample exhibited at least one dental anomaly. Statistical analysis identified no differences by gender. The most common anomaly was impacted teeth (13.58%), followed by microdontic upper lateral incisors (6.26%). These two anomalies also had the highest number of significant associations with other anomalies. Conclusions: The dental anomalies prevalence documented here differ from those reported in the literature for other populations in the world. Dental anomalies are normally associated with each other and occur in groups linked to ethnic origin. The present results indicate the presence of differing suites of anomalies between the studied Mexican population and other populations in the world. This variation highlights the need for further research on dental anomalies in Latin America to aid in their diagnosis and treatment.

The role of the oral microbiome and its effect on dental diseases is gaining interest. Therefore, it has been sought to decrease the bacterial load to fight oral cavity diseases. In this study, composite materials based on chitosan, chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, chitosan with zinc oxide particles, and chitosan with copper nanoparticles were prepared in the form of thin films, to evaluate a new alternative with a more significant impact on the oral cavity bacteria. The chemical structures and physical properties of the films were characterized using by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR,) Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activity of each material was evaluated by agar diffusion tests. No differences were found in the hydrophilicity of the films with the incorporation of ZnO or copper particles. Antimicrobial activity was found against S. aureus in the chitosan film crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, but not in the other compositions. In contrast antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium was found in all films. Based on the data of present investigation, chitosan composite films could be an option for the control of microorganisms with potential applications in various fields, such as medical and food industry.

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Background/purpose Non-formation of a tooth impacts the morphology of the alveolar bone, which may, in turn, generate an imbalance in facial growth. This retrospective case-control study aimed to determine whether observable differences exist in the facial growth of patients with dental agenesis relative to complete dentition controls. Materials and methods The sample comprised 75 patients with dental agenesis, and each case was paired with two controls of the same age and gender ( n = 150). All patients were measured cephalometrically (31 variables), and both groups were compared with student's t - or Z-test (P < 0.05). Subsequently, ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests (P < 0.05) were used to compare facial growth depending on the missing tooth's sagittal location in the dental arch (anterior or posterior agenesis); as well as its location in the affected bone (maxillary, mandibular, or both). Results Four measurements with significant differences were found, whereas ten were found in the sagittal location in the dental arch analysis. Regarding the affected bone, there were no affected variables. Conclusion it was found that patients with dental agenesis show differences in the sagittal growth of the upper jaw and in the position of the lower incisor. In the studied population, these changes are strongly influenced by the sagittal location of the missing tooth, while its location in the jaws does not affect facial growth.

The incisors are a key factor in dental occlusion and dentofacial aesthetics; therefore, the sagittal position and inclination of the incisors is a key parameter in diagnosis and orthodontic treatment planning. In some cases, the orthodontist will use more than one cephalometric analysis, and thus different results can be obtained. The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostic agreement among the different cephalometric measurements used to determine the anteroposterior position and the inclination of the incisors. Lateral cephalometric radiograms of patients between 18 and 59 years old were measured (n=260). Digital cephalometric measurements were made with Dolphin Imaging software, by a single calibrated operator. Here, a specific cephalometric analysis was designed in the software analysis editor. The results for each variable and each measurement were registered and compared. Fleiss's Kappa statistical tests, Cohen's Kappa, and Kendall's coefficient were used to determine the strength of agreement using the Minitab software. The results showed diagnostic strength agreement between slight and moderate among measurements of the same variable. This indicates that same diagnosis might not be obtained when using different approaches to measure the anteroposterior position and inclination of the incisors. It was concluded that there is a difference in the diagnosis between one measurement and another because the results showed slight or moderate strength of agreement. However, in some cases, better agreement was found when the measurements were compared as a function of the diagnostic response.