Physical activity in normal and low height for age Chilean school children irfe obtained for a week day and a weekend-A trained observer recorded physical activities performed by each c u i d along a 20 rrrutes breck in schoc! duties. Most acrivities were of sedentary type. A striking findrg wcs 'he time soent en sdenfary act'viries such as sleeping and lync dow^ ( 1 1 .5 ± 1.1 to 1 2.0 ± 1 .4 nous in normal and small for height boys and 1 1 .9 ± 1 .2 to 1 2.2 ± 1 .6 hours in normcl and snail for -eight grls). Both boys and girls spent an averace 3 hours a day watching TV on school days and 4 hours or more cr weekends. No s'gnificant differences in time aistr'bution of different physical activities were found oefween normal aid short stature children. Direct cbserva'ion showed that normal aoys spend significantly larger proportion of iheir time |29.6%j :n moderate and heavy activries than short boys and girls and tna" norrra' girls (p < 0.05J. Srra'l for age child'en encage less Ine in '-igh expendi f ure cctiv'ties than "ormal children, Thus, in general 'hese chilean schoc : children showed sedentary life styles, with minimal physical actviry and they devoted 30% of t^eir daily time to watch TV.
A new modified cow's milk formula: nitrogen and energy balance studiesNitrogen, fat and energy 'etention were measured in 10 male infants (x age = 6.8 mo) recovering from marasmic malnutrition while they were fed with either cow's milk based formula (LP) or a modified cow's milk formula (LPM). Their mean weight for age ratio was 72% and their weight for length ratio was 95% (NCHS standards), They went through two consecutive balance periods of 6 days each (3 d. for adaptation and 3 d. for urine and feces collection) beginning with either formula randomly. Both formulas had 85 kcal/dl with 11% protein calories in LPM and 13% in LP. Energy intake, absorption and relative retention were siightly greater with LPM than LP. Fat intake was greater under LPVI than LP (5.4 vs. 4.5 g -kg -d, p < 0.025), which resulted in significant differences in fat absorption (LPM 4.3 vs. LP3g-kg-d,p< 0.025}. Nitrogen intake was significantly lower under LPM than LP (487 vs. 571 mg-kg-d, p < 0.025) with lower urinary nitrogen excretion for LPM than for LP (304 vs. 417 mg -kg -d, p < 0.001). Apparent nitrogen retention averaged 1 1 5 mg-kg -d for LPM and only 69 mg-kg-d for LP (NS). A significant correlation was observed between nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention: r -0.70 (y -0.57x -167; p < 0,05) with L°M, and r -0.77 (y = 0.63x -291, p < 0.01) with LP. A correlation was also found between energy intake and weight gain: r = 0.55 (MS) with LPM, and r -0.88 (y = 0.26x -26; p < 0.001) with LP. The modified cow's milk fo r mj|a shows better nitrogen and fa: balance than the unmodified cow's milk based formula in malnourished infants recovering form marasmus. (Key words: nitrogen, energy, balance, cow's milk, formulas, malnutrition).La leche de vaca en polvo reconstituida y adicionada de hidratos de carbono ha sido utilizada como un eficaz sustituto en pai'ses como el nuestro, cuando la lactancia no ha sido posible, en especial en lactantes menores de un ano de edad. Esto ha ocurrido, aun cuando la leche de vaca tiene una composicion que puede afcctar su calidad nutricional, como relativo cxceso de protei'nas, insutlciencia de algunos mine rales y exceso de otros, con respecto a los requerimientos de un lactante, lo que obliga a la adicion de hidratos de carbono y, o, lipidos para equilibrarla parcialmente 1 ' 2 . El alto costo de las leches de vaca adaptadas para consume de lactantes humanos, ha impedido su incorporacion a programas de alimentacion Complementaria. Sin embargo, el avance tecnologico de las industries lecheras permite en la actualidad proponer modificaciones parciales de la leche de vaca que, sin aumentar signifi- cativarnente sus costas, mejoren su calidad nutricional, constituyendo de esta manera mejores productos para programas de distribucion de alimentos.El presente trabajo forma parte de un conjunto de subproyectos destinados a evaluar la calidad nutricional, aceptabilidad y tolerancia de una leche de vaca en polvo modificada.Sus objetivos fueron estudiar la calidad nutricional, mediante tecnicas de balance metabol...
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