SUMMARY:The objective of this study was to describe the anatomy of the opossum abdominal aorta sacral rami, emphasizing the common iliac arteries, external and internal iliac arteries and the middle sacral artery.Ten animals Didelphis albiventris from the Department of Anatomy, Instituto de Biociências -UNESP Botucatu, were used. After laparotomy, the aorta and its terminal rami were seen, dissected under microscopy and photographed.The abdominal aorta emitted rami, forming the right and the left common iliac arteries that divided, originating the external and internal iliac arteries. The middle sacral artery presented in 30% of cases now caudally rising from the right common iliac artery, then from the left one (30%) or in most cases (40%), as a continuation of the abdominal aorta artery.
ResumoNeste estudo, foram utilizados 25 crânios de cães adultos, s.r.d., de ambos os sexos, todos mesaticéfalos. Foram realizadas medidas craniométricas para as diferentes partes do crânio. Os índices cefálicos e as proporções foram calculados. Obteve-se medidas a partir dos índices craniométricos ínio, bregma, násio, próstio, básio, eurio, zígio e pogônio. Calculou-se a altura do crânio (41,92 mm ± 3,9), o comprimento do crânio (177,72 mm ± 16,22), do neurocrânio (96,84 mm ± 7,25), do viscerocrânio (79,24 mm ± 8,72), basal (140,24 mm ± 12,21), condilobasal (149,32 mm ± 12,21), do focinho (69,84 mm ± 7,07), dos ossos nasais (50,08 mm ± 6,77), da mandíbula (129,88 mm ± 16,3) e do palato (76,84 mm ± 7,01); e a largura do neurocrânio (62,24 mm ± 3,8) e zigomática (95,44 mm ± 7,85). Além disso, foram calculados os índices do crânio (53,83 mm ± 3,36), do neurocrânio (64,48 mm ± 4,69), facial (121,06 mm ± 9,18) e o basal (44,64 mm ± 4,17). Também foram realizadas medidas na área occipital, que incluíram a largura entre processos jugulares (41 mm ± 4,2), entre os côndilos occipitais (35,48 mm ± 3,21), e do forame magno (17,48 mm ± 2,27); a altura do triângulo occipital (38,28 mm ± 3,35), do forame magno (14,36 mm ± 1,07), o comprimento da incisura dorsal (16,1 mm ± 1,12) e o índice do forame magno (83,71 mm ± 14,44). Embora com algumas diferenças nas mensurações, não houve diferença significativa entre as dimensões observadas e as relatadas para crânios mesaticéfalos. Palavras-chave:Craniometria. Cães. Crânio mesaticéfalo. AbstractIn this study, a total of 25 skulls of the adult, mongrel and mesaticephalics dogs were used. Craniometric measurements for different parts of the skull were made. Cephalic indices and ratios were calculated. Certain points and landmarks on the skull are recognized in making linear measurements and are inion, bregma, nasion, prosthion, pogonion, basion, euryon, and zygion. Skull height (41,92 mm ± 3,9), skull length (177,72 mm ± 16,22), neurocranium (96,84 mm ± 7,25), viscerocranial (79,24 mm ± 8,72), basal length (140,24 mm ± 12,21), condylobasal (149,32 mm ± 12,21), snout (69,84 mm ± 7,07), nasals (50,08 mm ± 6,77), mandibular (129,88 mm ± 16,3), and of palatal (76,84 mm ± 7,01); width of neurocranium (62,24 mm ± 3,8), and zygomatic (95,44 mm ± 7,85) were obtained. Therefore, were calculated cranial index (53,83 mm ± 3,36), neurocranium (64,48 mm ± 4,69), facial (121,06 mm ± 9,18), basal (44,64 mm ± 4,17), width of the jugular processes (41 mm ± 4,2), of occipital condyles (35,48 mm ± 3,21), and of the foramen magnum (17,48 mm ± 2,27); height of the occipital triangle (38,28 mm ± 3,35), of the foramen magnum (14,36 mm ± 1,07); length of the dorsal notch (16,1 mm ± 1,12), and foramen magnum index (83,71 mm ± 14,44). Although with some differences in measurements, no significant difference was observed between the dimensions and reported to mesaticephalic skulls.Keywords: Craniometric measurements. Dogs. Mesaticephalic skull. IntroduçãoO crânio é a parte mais importante, complexa e especial...
SUMMARY:The objective of this study is to describe the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in 10 opossuns after Neoprene latex injection. The cranial mesenteric artery arises from the abdominal aorta, caudally to the celiac trunk, originating the caudal duodenal pancreatic artery, middle and right colic, jejunal and ileocecocolic arteries. The caudal mesenteric artery arises from the aorta, cranially to the external iliac arteries, originating the cranial rectal and left colic arteries.
Opossum is considered one of the most primitive mammals, with transition evolutive characteristics. In mammals, the aorta artery is referred as the main body blood vessel. The arteries wall structural organization follows a basic pattern, being contituted of three tunics: Intima, Median and Adventicial. After euthanasia, three samples of opossum had segments from the aorta artery ascendent, thoracic descending and abdominal descending portions removed, fixed in phormalin at 10% for 48 hours. Then, the material was washed in alcohol 70% several times, dehydrated in alcohois of growing concentrations, diafanized in xylol and included in "paraplast". Cuts with 5 to 7µm of thickness were placed in histological laminae and submitted to color methods of Hematoxilin-Eosin, Masson, Mallory and Calleja Tricromics. It was observed that in the different portions ascendent, thoracic and abdominal descending of aorta, the intima tunic presents much thick, made up of a layer of smooth muscular cells and elastic fibers, forming a limiting internal elastic membrane. In the three portions studied, the median tunic was the most evident layer, constituted of colagen fibers, smooth muscular cells arranged in a circular manner and elastic fibers, showing a variation in the mural elements proportion. It was evidenced the presence of a external elastic lamina, marking the transition between the median and adventicial tunic, formed by elastic fibers condensation. The aortic adventicial tunic showed to be little organized, having in its structure predominantely colagen fibers beans with some isolated smooth muscular fibers or in small fascicules among a few elastic fibers.
aspects of spermatids in isogenic black mouse C57BL6J. Int. J. Morphol., 23(4):323-328, 2005. SUMMARY:The objective of this study was to describe some changes in spermatids differentiating events during spermiogenesis, leading to spermatozoa final formation. The animals were sacrificed with ethylic acid inhalation and, then, testis fragments were collected, fixed in Karnovsky and post-fixed in osmium tetroxide. After dehydration, the sections were stained with uranyl acetate 2%. It was observed in early spermatids at Golgi phase, formation of acrosomal granule contained in the acrosomal vesicle, spheroidal nucleus with rugous reticulum around it, and Golgi apparatus made up of lamellae and vesicular structures. At cephalic hood phase, the granule suffers flattening and the marginal fossa is formed. In both phases, it was possible to observe the presence of multivesicular body. At acrosomal phase, the acrosomal system is set up, and several enzymes of endoplasmatic reticulum as well chromatoid body are observed in the cytoplasm. At the last phase, that is, maturation, the nucleus becomes more elongated, the endoplasmatic reticulum regresses, the Golgi apparatus approaches to the flagellum and mitochondrias align next to it.
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