CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There is no register of breast cancer cases among indigenous populations in Brazil. The objective here was to evaluate the association of clinical and demographic characteristics with mammographic density among indigenous women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted in indigenous territories in the state of Amapá, Brazil. METHODS: Women were recruited from three indigenous territories and underwent bilateral mammography and blood collection for hormonal analysis. They were interviewed with the aid of an interpreter. Mammographic density was calculated using computer assistance, and was expressed as dense or non-dense. RESULTS: A total of 137 indigenous women were included in this study, with an average age of 50.4 years, and an average age at the menarche of 12.8 years. Half (50.3%) of the 137 participants had not reached the menopause at the time of this study. The women had had an average of 8.7 children, and only two had never breastfed. The average body mass index of the population as a whole was 25.1 kg/m 2 . The mammographic evaluation showed that 82% of women had non-dense breasts. The clinical characteristics associated with mammographic density were age (P = 0.0001), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (P < 0.001) and estrogen levels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the indigenous women had non-dense breasts. Age, menopausal status and FSH and estrogen levels were associated with mammographic density. . A análise mamográfica mostrou que 82% das mulheres tinham mamas não densas. As características clínicas associadas com a densidade mamográfica foram idade (P = 0.0001), hormônio folículo-estimulante (FSH, P < 0,001) e níveis de estrogênio (P < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das indígenas tinha mamas não densas. Idade, status menopausal e níveis de estrógeno e FSH foram associados com a densidade mamográfica. RESUMO
Breast cancer is a disease of epidemiological concern worldwide, being considered a serious public health problem. Although it is well established that early diagnosis and adequate treatment interfere with mortality rates and the prevalence of cancer, few data are available regarding the descriptive epidemiology of breast cancer in Brazil, as well as in the various states of the federation, as is the State of Amapá. The general objective was to characterize the risk factors of breast cancer patients treated at Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Alberto Lima (HCAL) from January 2012 to December 2017 in the city of Macapá, Amapá. Cases of breast cancer were reviewed, with an analysis of 194 medical records, and the following variables were studied: age, education level, histological type of the neoplasia, age at first delivery, menarche and menopause, breastfeeding time, alcohol intake, smoking, family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives. It was noted that the age group most affected was between 41-50 years old and with an education level of elementary education. In these women, the most frequent characteristics were: age at first delivery between 13-20 years, menarche between 10-13 years, menopause from 41-50 years with a significant number of patients at menace (outside menopause), breastfeeding time between 2-22 and 23-42 months, both intervals with the same number of records; most did not drink alcohol, were not smokers and had no family history of first-degree relatives of breast cancer. In the cases studied, the most frequently diagnosed histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma.
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