The aim of this study was to translate into Spanish and to validate the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), completed by 420 university students. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model that best fit the data, both in the total sample and in the male and female subsamples, was the one-factor structure with method effects associated with positively worded items. The results indicated high, positive correlations between self-esteem and the five dimensions of selfconcept. The scale showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency and temporal stability over a four-week period. Lastly, gender differences were obtained. These findings support the use of the RSES for the assessment of self-esteem in higher education. Keywords: self-esteem, psychometric properties, college students, Rosenberg El propósito de esta investigación ha sido traducir al español y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. El análisis factorial confirmatorio confirmó que el modelo que mejor se ajusta a los datos tanto en la muestra total como en las submuestras de hombres y mujeres tiene una estructura unifactorial con efectos de método en los ítems formulados en positivo. Los resultados indican correlaciones positivas y fuertes entre la autoestima y cinco dimensiones del autoconcepto. Además, la escala ha mostrado niveles satisfactorios de consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal tras un periodo de cuatro semanas. Finalmente, se han obtenido diferencias de género significativas. Estos resultados apoyan el uso de la RSES para evaluar la autoestima en el contexto educativo universitario.

The Sport Motivation Scale was developed in French and later translated into English and validated by Pelletier, et al. in 1995. It is based on the principles of self-determination theory. In this study the scale was translated into Spanish to assess and validate it for a sample of 275 athletes (78 women and 197 men) whose mean age was 21.3 yr. (SD=3.8) and who represented eight sports (track and field, tennis, swimming, waterpolo, soccer, basketball, handball, and volleyball). The Spanish version showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach alpha of .70 to .80) and temporal stability (test-retest r = .69 to .74) over a 4-wk. period. A confirmatory factor analysis partially supported the seven-factor structure. Correlations among the subscales indicated a simplex pattern supporting the construct validity of the scale. Sex differences were found. Taken together, these findings support use of the Spanish version for assessment of motivation in sport.

The purpose of the present research was to translate into Spanish and analyze the psychometricA properties of the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS). The participants were 373 undergraduate students (126 males and 247 females). Factor validity was tested via confirmatory factor analysis. Based on factor loadings and modification indexes, the SIMS was reduced to a 14-item model. This respecification showed adequate internal consistency and construct validity. The multistep analysis of invariance revealed that the factor structure of the SIMS is invariant across gender. Likewise, MANOVA revealed that amotivation was the only significant variable across gender. Predictive validity was assessed through path analysis. The results support the preliminary use of the Spanish version of the SIMS for the assessment of situational motivation in education.

Psychological inflexibility (PI) refers to the overarching and nonadaptive avoidance of thoughts and feelings. PI is a transdiagnostic process that is present in numerous psychopathologies, such as anxiety and mood disorders, addictive behaviors, and chronic pain, as presented by American adults and adolescents. Despite the high rates of depression and depressed mood among Spanish and Latino adolescents and the observed relation between PI and adjustment problems at this age, an instrument assessing PI in Spanish-speaking adolescents is lacking. In this study, we assessed the psychometric properties of a Spanish adaptation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth with 483 students from Spain (mean age 13.89 years). The Spanish Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth proved to be a two-factor psychometrically sound instrument. Total PI scores correlated positively with depression and negatively with satisfaction with life. The predictive validity results showed cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance to be two interrelated but distinct processes that characterize PI.

El propósito de este trabajo fue adaptar y validar la Escala de Motivación Educativa (EME-E) en estudiantes de Secundaria postobligatoria. Participaron en el estudio 425 estudiantes, 239 de bachillerato y 186 de ciclos deformación profesional. La versión española adaptada denominada Escala de Motivación Educativa en secundaria (EME-S) mostró una estructura factorial oblicua de siete factores. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas entre las subescalas más autodeterminadas y las variables autoestima y autoconcepto académico. La fiabilidad mostró niveles adecuados. El análisis de varianza multivariado mostró un perfil más autodeterminado en las mujeres y en los estudiantes de ciclos de formación profesional. Finalmente, los resultados apoyan parcialmente la utilización de la EME-S en el contexto de la educación secundaria postobligatoria para evaluar los diferentes tipos de motivación.

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The purpose of the present research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) in sport context. The TMMS is a 24-item self-report measure that assesses perceived emotional intelligence, which is the extent to which people believe they pay attention to their emotions and are capable of distinguishing and regulating them. Participants were 368 athletes (257 male, 111 female; M age=21.4 yr., SD=5.5; range=14-40). Factor validity was tested via Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Based on factor loadings, covariances, and modification indices, the TMMS was reduced to a 22-item model. This respecification showed adequate reliability and construct validity. Multistep analysis of invariance indicated that the factor structure of the TMMS is invariant across sex. Predictive validity was assessed through path analysis. The results support the use of the Spanish version of the TMMS in a sport context.

In this study, we examined the relationships between intrinsic motivation, physical self-concept, and satisfaction with life using cross-lagged panel models analysed via structural equation models. The sample consisted of 293 participants (148 men, 145 women) aged 18-70 years who performed diverse types of physical exercise. Three alternative models were tested. The data were better represented by a model in which physical self-concept mediates the relationships between intrinsic motivation and satisfaction with life. Specifically, the direct effects of intrinsic motivation on physical self-concept, and of physical self-concept on satisfaction with life were significant, with the amount of explained variance increasing over time. In conclusion, people who perform physical exercise regularly, and who have fun over time will tend to have a better physical self-perception and, consequently, more psychological well-being.