Our understanding of bottom-currents and associated oceanographic processes (e.g., overflows, barotropic tidal currents) including intermittent processes (e.g., vertical eddies, deep sea storms, horizontal vortices, internal waves and tsunamis) is rapidly evolving. Many deep-water processes remain poorly understood due to limited direct observations, but can generate significant depositional and erosional features on both short and long term time scales. This paper represents a review work, which describes for the first time these oceanographic processes and examines their potential role in the sedimentary features along the Iberian continental margins. This review explores the implications of the studied processes, given their secondary role relative to other factors such as mass-transport and turbiditic processes, and highlights three major results: a) contourite depositional and erosional features are ubiquitous along the margins, indicating that bottom currents and associated oceanographic processes control the physiography and sedimentation; b) the position of interfaces between major water masses and their vertical and spatial variation in time specifically appears to exert primary control in determining major morphologic changes along the slope gradient, including the contourite terraces development; and c) contourites deposits exhibit greater variation than the established facies model suggests. Therefore, a consistent facies model however faces substantial challenges in terms of the wide range of oceanographic processes that can influence in their development. An integrated interpretation of these oceanographic processes requires an understanding of contourites, seafloor features, their spatial and temporal evolution, and the near-bottom flows that form them. This approach will synthesize oceanographic data, seafloor morphology, sediments and seismic images to improve our knowledge of permanent and intermittent processes around Iberia, and evaluate

PURPOSE: To review the intraoperative and postoperative complications after intracorneal ring segment implantation and to report the explantation rate among the available scientific literature. METHODS: Three different databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were assessed from January 1995 to June 2019. The keywords used were: ring, rings, ICRS (intracorneal ring segments), segment, segments or Intacs, complication, explantation, explanted, retired, and removal. RESULTS: The selection process of this systematic review study is described in a flow diagram. A total of 39 studies published between 1995 and 2019 were included. Sixteen studies were case reports, 21 were case series studies, and 2 were chart analysis works. This study enrolled 1,946 participants, and 2,590 eyes were included. The postoperative complications described in most studies included migration, ring extrusion, corneal thinning, corneal melting, and some type of infective keratitis. These complications together with glare, halos, fluctuating vision, neovascularization, foreign body sensation, or pain represented most of the causes. The percentage rate of explantation ranged from 0.5% up to 83.3%. If we analyze those articles with a high number of implantations (2,124 eyes), an explantation rate between 0% and 1.4% was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The complication rate and explantation ratio in segments of the intracorneal ring segments analyzed in the available scientific literature are minimal. Therefore, patient selection, surgery planning, and postoperative follow-up are critical to the success of surgery. [ J Refract Surg . 2019;35(11):740–747.]

PURPOSE: To analyze the efficacy, safety, predictability, and stability in hyperopic presbyopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgeries with the TENEO 317 algorithm (Bausch & Lomb Technolas, Munich, Germany). METHODS: Eighty eyes from 40 patients who underwent hyperopic and presbyopic LASIK in this retrospective, observational, and longitudinal study were included. All patients had a 24-month follow-up. Excimer laser treatment was performed with TECNOLAS Perfect Vision GmbH TENEO 317 software version 1.25 (Bausch & Lomb) with the PROSCAN platform for the distance dominant eye and the SUPRACOR mild platform for the near dominant eye. RESULTS: Mean age was 53.90 ± 4.84 years (range: 42 to 66 years). Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 0.00 ± 0.04 (20/19.97) for the dominant eye and 0.14 ± 0.05 (20/27.65) for the non-dominant eye. Postoperative uncorrected near visual acuity was 0.51 ± 0.17 (J9) for the dominant eye and 0.09 ± 0.06 (J1.5) for the non-dominant eye, whereas 2.5% of non-dominant eyes lost two lines of corrected distance visual acuity. Half of non-dominant eyes lost one line, and 2.5% of dominant and non-dominant eyes changed 0.50 D or more between 3 and 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: PROSCAN surgery in the dominant eye and SUPRACOR surgery in the non-dominant eye using the TENEO 317 algorithm demonstrated that the hyperopic presbyopic excimer laser surgery technique resulted in acceptable and stable outcomes after 24 months of follow-up. [ J Refract Surg. 2019;35(9):591–598.]

Purpose: To establish a relationship between age and horizontal heterophoria, horizontal fusional vergence amplitudes, and vergence facility testing. Methods: The sample consisted of 112 patients with a mean age of 39.8 ± 14.97 years (range: 18 to 65 years) and was composed of 61 women (54.5%) and 51 men (45.5%). The non-presbyopic group included patients 18 to 39 years old (n = 49) and the presbyopic group included patients 41 to 65 years old (n = 63). Binocular vision was studied by heterophoria horizontal magnitude (prism diopters [PD]), horizontal fusional vergences amplitudes (PD), and vergence facility testing (cycles per minute [cpm]) and quantified with a combination of 3 PD base-in and 12 PD base-out prisms. Results: Significant differences were obtained in near heterophoria with compensation (exophoria increased by 3.74 PD, t = 2.12, P < .05), distance positive fusional vergence (PFV) recovery (decreased by 2.86 PD, t = 3.03, P < .01), near PFV blur (decreased by 3.13 PD, t = 1.98, P = .05), near PFV break (decreased by 4.45 PD, t = 2.75, P < .01), near PFV recovery (decreased by 4.69 PD, t = 3.30, P < .01), and vergence facility testing (decreased by 2.63 PD, t = 2.77, P < .01). Conclusions: The results indicated an increase of exophoria, a decrease in near positive horizontal fusional vergences, and vergence facility was dependent on age; thus, the authors suggest that changes in the normal values should be considered for each age range. [ J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 2020;57(6):363–371.]