The Effect of Age on Binocular Vision Normative Values

Sánchez-González, María Carmen; Sánchez-González, José María; De-Hita-Cantalejo, Concepción; Vega-Holm, Margarita; Jiménez‐Rejano, José‐Jesús; Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Estanislao

doi:10.3928/01913913-20200622-01

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This concurs with Zhou and collegues 28 in China. However, it is in contrast with studies conducted in Spain, 29 which found signi cant associations between fusion vergence and age. Again the nding of this study may be attributed to differences in study population as the current review enrolled young participants only.…”

Section: This Paper Provides An Overview Of Bv Functions Including Ac...contrasting

confidence: 87%

Evaluating Normative Values of Vergence Parameters among University Students in Malawi

Mvula

Mzumara

Afonne

2023

Preprint

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Clinical relevance: Diagnosis and management of vergence dysfunctions are largely dependent on normative measures of vergence parameters which differ across populations. Background: Globally Myopia is on the rise and vergence has been strongly linked to the development of Myopia. Understanding vergence parameters is key to mitigation of Myopia. Aim: This study aimed at evaluating differences in vergence parameters among university students in Malawi. Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among Mzuzu University students from September 2021 to March 2022. A total of 99 healthy participants comprising 62 males (62.6%) and 32 females (37.4%) were recruited using a stratified random sampling technique. AC/A ratio was measured using the gradient method, and Positive Fusion Vergence (PFV) and Negative Fusion Vergence (NFV) using horizontal prism bars recorded as blur, break, and recovery points. Results: The mean age was 23.37 ± 3.95 years (range; 18-33). The mean AC/A ratio was 4.24 ±0.74, the mean PFV was 17/24/15 and the mean NFV was 17/20/14. There was no significant correlation between the AC/A ratio and age (p = 0.194) nor was there a significant association between AC/A and sex (p = 0.170). Both PFV and NFV had no statistically significant correlation with age (all p ≥ 0.306) or association with sex (all p ≥ 0.253). Conclusion This study confirms that the pattern of vergence parameters differs with ethnicity. Furthermore, ACA ratio and fusion vergences are most not affected by age and sex.

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Section: This Paper Provides An Overview Of Bv Functions Including Ac...contrasting

confidence: 87%

Evaluating Normative Values of Vergence Parameters among University Students in Malawi

Mvula

Mzumara

Afonne

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These results could be explained because exophoria increases and near positive horizontal fusional vergences decrease depending on the age. Thus, the changes in the normal values should be considered for each age range (Sánchez‐González et al, 2020). Moreover, Lai, Hsu, Tung (Lai, Hsu, & Tung, 2020) demonstrated an association between heterophoria and myopia too.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air shooting competition effects on visual skills depending on the sport level

Mon‐López

Bernárdez-Vilaboa

Quintana

et al. 2021

European Journal of Sport Science

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Olympic shooting is a sport with high demands of accuracy. Minimal visual errors could be related to performance losses. However, not all visual skills have been studied in depth in this sport. The main objectives of this study were to compare differences in shooters' visual skills by level and to analyze the competition effect on them. Sixty-six participants were distributed in three groups (non-athletes, elite and non-elite). Eleven visual variables were tested in four skills groups (visual acuity, heterophoria, accommodation functions and other visual skills). The data were collected through a pre-and post-competition simulation test. The results of the study showed differences between groups by shooting sport level. In general, shooters had higher visual acuity values than non-athletes p < .001 with large size effects (d between 1.01 and 2.35), and elite shooters presented higher values of accommodation than non-elite shooters p < .05 with large size effects (d between 0.88 and 0.97). Furthermore, different visual skills were modified after competition depending on the shooting level. Specifically, visual accommodation skills were only improved in elite shooters. Finally, our study suggests that elite shooters employ different visual strategies or skills to non-elite shooters and that shooting activity is closely related to some specific visual skills. This aspect should be considered by coaches in the design of optimal visual trainings and improve the shooters' performance. Highlights:. Shooters showed better acuity skills than non-athletes.. Shooting activity seems to improve visual acuity skills, binocular visual time and eye-hand coordination in non-elite shooters, and accommodation and eye-hand coordination in elite shooters immediately after the competition simulation. . Elite shooters employ different visual strategies or skills to non-elite shooters.. Non-dominant eye occlusion may benefit binocular vision recovery by inhibiting aiming action and the use of accommodative flexibility could be related to the QE during the shot.

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“…After the age of 70 there is often a decrease in stereo acuity, which is also attributed to a reduction in neurons in the striate cortex in the visual cortex of the brain [20,21,30,82]. It is difficult to separate stereo acuity from visual acuity completely as it is significantly affected and reduced if each eye does not see well enough, stressing the importance of correcting refractive errors in order to achieve maximum stereo acuity [83,84]. Most research was conducted under binocular conditions so it is important to consider the possibility that the results were affected by monocular blur [20,21,30,82].…”

Section: Binocular Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision through Healthy Aging Eyes

Erdinest

London²,

Lavy

et al. 2021

Vision

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As life expectancy grows, so too will the number of people adversely affected by age. Although it is acknowledged that many conditions and diseases are associated with age, this mini-review will present a current update of the various visual changes that generally occur in healthy individuals disregarding the possible effects of illness. These alterations influence how the world is perceived and in turn can affect efficiency or the ability to perform ordinary daily tasks such as driving or reading. The most common physical developments include a decreased pupil size and retinal luminance as well as changes both in intercellular and intracellular connections within the retina along the pathway to the visual cortex and within the visual cortex. The quantity and the physical location of retinal cells including photoreceptors, ganglion and bipolar retinal cells are modified. The clarity of intraocular organs, such as the intraocular lens, decreases. These all result in common visual manifestations that include reduced visual acuity, dry eyes, motility changes, a contraction of the visual field, presbyopia, reduced contrast sensitivity, slow dark adaptation, recovery from glare, variation in color vision and a decreased visual processing speed. Highlighting these prevalent issues as well as current and possible future innovations will assist providers to formulate treatments and thereby conserve maximum independence and mobility in the modern mature population.

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The Effect of Age on Binocular Vision Normative Values

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Evaluating Normative Values of Vergence Parameters among University Students in Malawi

Evaluating Normative Values of Vergence Parameters among University Students in Malawi

Air shooting competition effects on visual skills depending on the sport level

Vision through Healthy Aging Eyes

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