Cette recherche mesure plusieurs propriétés psychométriques (l'ingérence, la sensibilité, la valeur diagnostique et la validité) de trois instruments multidimensionnels de l'évaluation de la charge de travail subjective: le NASA Task Load Index (TLX), le Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) et le Workload Profile (WP). Sujets ont réalisé deux tâches de laboratoire séparé-ment (tâches simples) et simultanément (tâches doubles). D'après l'analyse de variance, les trois instruments ne présentent pas de différences au niveau de l'ingérence, mais WP bénéficie d'une sensibilité exceptionnelle aux manipulations des différentes tâches. On a fait appel à une analyse canonique discriminante pour apprécier la valeur diagnostique de chacun des trois instruments. Les résultats de l'analyse ont prouvé que les trois évaluations multidimensionnelles avaient fourni une information diagnostique sur la nature des exigences des tâches qui était cohérente avec leur description a priori . Toutefois, la valeur diagnostique du WP s'est révélée nettement supérieure à celles du TLX ou du SWAT. Pour évaluer la validité concurrente de chaque instrument avec la performance aux tâches, on a calculé les corrélations de Pearson entre chaque performance et chaque mesure de la charge subjective. On a enfin calculé les corrélations de Pearson entre les trois mesures de charge subjective pour évaluer la validité convergente des instruments. Les trois coefficients ont été positifs et proche du maximum, soulignant ainsi la forte validité convergente des trois outils retenus pour cette recherche. On a aussi comparé les conditions d'application et l'acceptabilité par les sujets. On mentionne pour terminer les implications pratiques de ces trois sortes d'évaluation.The present research evaluates several psychometric properties (intrusiveness, sensitivity, diagnosticity, and validity) of three multidimensional subjective workload assessment instruments: the NASA Task Load Index (TLX), the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT), and the Workload Profile (WP). Subjects performed two laboratory tasks separately (single task) and simultaneously (dual task). The results of the ANOVAs performed showed that there are no differences with regard to the three instruments' intrusiveness, and that among the three subjective workload instruments WP has an outstanding sensitivity to the different task manipulations. To evaluate the diagnosticity of each of the three instruments canonical discriminant analysis was used, and this demonstrated that the three multidimensional ratings provided diagnostic information on the nature of tasks demands that was consistent with the a priori task characterisation. However, the diagnostic power of WP was clearly superior to that obtained using TLX or SWAT. Pearson correlations between each performance and each subjective workload measure were calculated to evaluate the concurrent validity of each instrument with task performance, and to assess the convergent validity of the instruments. The three coefficients we...
To-date, there has been no international review of mental health resilience training during Basic Training nor an assessment of what service members perceive as useful from their perspective. In response to this knowledge gap, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Human Factors & Medicine Research & Technology Task Group "Mental Health Training" initiated a survey and interview with seven to twenty recruits from nine nations to inform the development of such training (N = 121). All nations provided data from soldiers joining the military as volunteers, whereas two nations also provided data from conscripts. Results from the volunteer data showed relatively consistent ranking in terms of perceived demands, coping strategies, and preferences for resilience skill training across the nations. Analysis of data from conscripts identified a select number of differences compared to volunteers. Subjects also provided examples of coping with stress during Basic Training that can be used in future training; themes are presented here. Results are designed to show the kinds of demands facing new recruits and coping methods used to overcome these demands to develop relevant resilience training for NATO nations.
Despite the importance of military leaders in moderating the impact of deployment stressors on unit members, little attention has focused on the training leaders receive in managing unit stress. As part of a NATO Research Panel (Human Factors and Medicine (HFM)-081/Research and Technology Organization Task Group (RTG)), 16 nations participated in a needs assessment survey of military leaders who had returned from an operation within the previous 2 years. Findings from 172 leaders emphasized the lack of training specifically geared for leaders to address operational stress issues for unit members and their families and the need for integrated mental health support across the deployment cycle. In general, most leaders regarded stress-related mental health problems as normal and were supportive of help-seeking. The information obtained here was used to develop a Human Factors and Medicine -081/RTG Leader's Guide on operational stress.
Our experience suggests that computerized editing allows linking surgical scientific and didactic messages on a single communication medium, either a videotape or a CD-ROM.
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