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Embedded bio-printing has fostered significant advances toward the fabrication of soft complex tissue-like constructs, by providing a physical support that allows the freeform shape maintenance within the prescribed spatial arrangement, even under gravity force. Current supporting materials still present major drawbacks for up-scaling embedded 3D bio-printing technology towards tissue-like constructs with clinically relevant dimensions. Herein, we report a a cost-effective and widely available supporting material for embedded bio-printing consisting on a continuous pseudo-plastic matrix of xanthan-gum (XG). This natural polisaccharide exhibits peculiar rheological properties that have enabled the rapid generation of complex volumetric 3D constructs with out-of-plane features. The freedom of design within the three orthogonal axes through the independent and controlled bio-printing process opens new opportunities to produce on demand large arbitrary shapes for personalized medicine. Additionally, we have demonstrated the versatile functionality of XG as a photocurable gel reservoir to engineer perfused cell-laden hydrogel constructs, addressing other practical biomedical applications such as in vitro models and organ-on-chip platforms.

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h i g h l i g h t sA physical air-entraining method has been reported. The properties of high porosity cement-based foam materials have been investigated. Influence of water-cement ratio and HPMC on material properties has been analyzed. Pore structure formation mechanism has been clarified. a b s t r a c tHigh porosity cement-based foam materials were prepared through physical air-entraining method and the pore structure and the properties of materials were characterized. The results show that water-cement ratio and Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) content have crucial influence on material properties. When the water-cement ratio was 0.9 and the content of HPMC was 0.4%, the cement-based foam material with the porosity of 94.33% and thermal conductivity value of 0.049 W/(m K) could be obtained. The formation mechanism of pore structure was analyzed that water-cement ratio and HPMC content affect the bubble film toughness which influence on material properties.