Purpose: CD4 + T cells play a central role in initiating and maintaining anticancer immune responses. However, regulatory CD4 + CD25 + T cells which express Foxp3 have also been shown to inhibit antitumor effector T cells. In view of these heterogeneous CD4 + T-cell populations, this study was designed to determine the prognostic value of various tumor-infiltrating CD4 + T-cell populations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Experimental Design: Eighty-four newly diagnosed untreated patients with histologically proven primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. Double or triple immunofluorescence staining was done to assess and quantify the activated CD4 + T cells are positively correlated with locoregional control may be through downregulation of harmful inflammatory reaction, which could favor tumor progression.

Lymphomas represent a wide group of heterogenic diseases with different biological and clinical behavior. The underlying microenvironment-specific composition seems to play an essential role in this scenario, harboring the ability to develop successful immune responses or, on the contrary, leading to immune evasion and even promotion of tumor growth. Depending on surrounding lymphoid infiltrates, lymphomas may have different prognosis. Moreover, recent evidences have emerged that confer a significant impact of main lymphoma's treatment over microenvironment, with clinical consequences. In this review, we summarize these concepts from a pathological and clinical perspective. Also, the state of the art of lymphoma's anti-idiotype vaccine development is revised, highlighting the situations where this strategy has proven to be successful and eventual clues to obtain better results in the future.

Background. The biologic behavior of most paragangliomas cannot be predicted from their histologic appearance. Recently, cytometric studies have found an association between an aggressive clinical behavior and the presence of a hyperdiploid or tetraploid range in the DNA nuclear content. Methods. The authors have studied morphometric (nuclear area and nuclear form factor) and DNA densitometric (integral optical density and DNA ploidy) features of 23 cases of paraganglioma by means of slide cytophotometry with the micro TICAS system (University of Chicago, Chicago, IL). The samples were selected from paraffin‐embedded tissue, and representative sections were stained with the Feulgen technique. The differences between groups (cervical versus extracervical paragangliomes) were investigated with the Mann‐Whitney test and Fisher discriminant linear function. Results. The densitometric study showed aneuploid cell lines in 15 of 16 noncervical paragangliomas (with a DNA index within the tetraploid range), whereas 3 of 7 cervical paragangliomas were aneuploid and only 1 case did not have not a diploid cell line (with a DNA index within the peridiploid range). Mean ploidy (4.33 arbitrary units [AU] and 2.72 AU, respectively), nuclear area (58.74 μm2 and 32.08 μm2, respectively), the minor and major DNA indices (1.09–1.24 and 1.83–1.96, respectively), and DNA content variability (2c deviation indices [2cDI] of 8.62 and 1.88 AU, respectively) were higher in noncervical paragangliomas. With Fisher linear discriminant function, mean nuclear area (P = 0.0008), 2cDI (P = 0.0030), and the minor DNA index of each cell proliferation were correlated with location. None of the variables established statistically significant differences in comparisons of malignant and benign paragangliomas. Conclusions. Karyometric and DNA densitometric parameters have limited value in determining the prognosis of paragangliomas, although they are correlated with tumoral location, which is still an indicator in establishing the prognosis of these neoplasms.

Haemangiopericytoma and glomus tumours are infrequent neoplasms in otorrhinolaryngology. A case of glomus tumour with haemangiopericytomatous features of the left amygdalar fossa tsaeported. Its clinical, surgical and histological features are described. This case report supports the unitary concept of smooth muscle tumours of the small vascular wall.