Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Effects of Antineoplastic Therapy in Lymphoproliferative Syndromes

Abstract

Lymphomas represent a wide group of heterogenic diseases with different biological and clinical behavior. The underlying microenvironment-specific composition seems to play an essential role in this scenario, harboring the ability to develop successful immune responses or, on the contrary, leading to immune evasion and even promotion of tumor growth. Depending on surrounding lymphoid infiltrates, lymphomas may have different prognosis. Moreover, recent evidences have emerged that confer a significant impact of main lymphoma's treatment over microenvironment, with clinical consequences. In this review, we summarize these concepts from a pathological and clinical perspective. Also, the state of the art of lymphoma's anti-idiotype vaccine development is revised, highlighting the situations where this strategy has proven to be successful and eventual clues to obtain better results in the future.

Ovarian cancer stem cells induce the M2 polarization of macrophages through the PPARγ and NF-κB pathways

“…The tumor microenvironment is a complex cellular environment in which the tumor exists; it consists of cancer cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, surrounding blood vessels, cytokines, chemicals and the extracellular matrix (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). The interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression.…”

Hodgkin's Lymphoma: From Tumor Microenvironment to Immunotherapeutic Approach - Body's Own Power Protection Challenges

“…Tumors are more than an accumulation of neoplastic cells; they might be more properly considered as a functional tissue immunologically mediated and formed by a complex tissue network in which neoangiogenesis, infiltrating immune competent cells, stromal cells, and a differentiated and specific extracellular matrix constitute the tumor microenvironment with the capacity of regulating cancer development (Alvaro et al, 2010;Tlsty & Coussens, 2006). The interplay between the host immune system, malignant cells, and all other components of tumoral stroma determine proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and remodelling of extracellular matrix and metastasis.…”

Oncolytic viruses: a step into cancer immunotherapy

“…This type of vaccination is being improved for treating various cancers and, more particularly, mature B-cell neoplasms. [43][44][45] Each plasma B cell produces one single kind of antibody. Antibodies produced are either secreted or anchored to the plasma membrane functioning as the B-cell receptor.…”

“…Several idiotype-specific vaccines have reached phase III clinical trials for the treatment of follicular lymphomas with limited results so far. 43 DC-based vaccines consist of the autologous transfer of DCs loaded ex vivo with tumor antigen(s). DCs are often generated from circulating monocytes through culture in serum-free medium with GM-CSF in combination with IL-4 or IL-15.…”