The participation of diverse demographics in higher education has risen over the last half-century; meanwhile, different political and social tiers have been assigning a more active role to institutions in terms of equality and social justice. This change in circumstances has led to the roll out of processes to institutionalise diversity outreach. This study was conducted for the clear purpose of assessing the current institutionalisation status of diversity outreach in 127 key universities from the Academic Ranking of World Universities based on the opinions of diversity outreach managers and the information published on institutional websites, in turn measuring compliance with various indicators. A qualitative analysis of the institutional statements, the goals sought through strategic plans and the definitions of diversity itself was also conducted. The evidence reveals the early stage of the institutionalisation process in universities on account of the low percentage obtained for the proposed indicators. Furthermore, the study failed to exhibit significant differences in this process in terms of the institutional ownership or position held in the ranking; however, more prominent progress was noted in the North-American region when geographical differences were taken into account, likely as a result of the historical background in the advocacy for equal opportunities. Lastly, a change of approach to the conceptualisation of diversity is suggested in favour of equality and social justice.

Predictores de las actitudes hacia la inclusión de alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales en futuros profesionales de la educaciónPredictors of attitudes toward inclusion of students with special educational needs in future education professionals ResumenUno de los principales pilares en la construcción de escuelas inclusivas es la formación inicial del profesorado. Antes de determinar si es necesario realizar cambios y de qué tipo en los programas formativos o planes de estudios en relación con la atención a la diversidad y con la educación inclusiva, deben analizarse, a modo de diagnóstico de necesidades, las actitudes que presentan los futuros profesionales de la educación al respecto, incluyendo la identificación de predictores relevantes. La investigación sobre la que se informa en este trabajo persiguió esta finalidad, y lo hizo con una metodología cuantitativa basada en encuesta, a través del uso de instrumentos estructurados de recogida transversal de información y de análisis estadísticos relacionados con la calidad del cuestionario empleado para medir las actitudes (análisis factorial y alpha de Cronbach), análisis descriptivos y correlacionales, pruebas de hipótesis sobre diferencia de medias actitudinales, y análisis de regresión lineal para identificar los predictores de las actitudes hacia la inclusión. Los resultados muestran, en primer lugar, que los participantes se caracterizan por poseer actitudes positivas hacia la inclusión de personas con necesidades educativas especiales, especialmente los estudiantes mayores y de cursos más avanzados y, en menor medida, las mujeres y quienes han tenido contacto previo con estas personas. En segundo lugar, se evidencia que los valores de autotrascendencia y, más débilmente, el contacto funcionan como predictores robustos de las actitudes de los futuros profesionales de la educación hacia la inclusión de este tipo de alumnado. En la discusión se establecen algunas aplicaciones para la profesionalización de los futuros educadores. Palabras clave: educación inclusiva, actitudes, necesidades educativas especiales, formación inicial del profesorado, predicción. AbstractOne of the main pillars in the development of inclusive schools is the initial teacher training. Before determining if it is necessary to make changes (and of what type) in training programs or curriculum guides related to the attention to diversity and inclusive education, the attitudes of future education professionals in this area should be analyzed. This includes the identification José L. Álvarez y Mariana Buenestado Predictores de las actitudes hacia la inclusión… 628 Revista Complutense de EducaciónVol. 26 Núm. 3 (2015) 627-645 of the relevant predictors of inclusive attitudes. The research reported in this article pursued this objective, doing so with a quantitative survey methodology based on the use of cross-sectional structured data collection and statistical analyses related to the quality of the attitude questionnaire (factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha), descriptive stati...

Cómo referenciar este artículo/How to reference this article:Santos Rego, M. A.; Jover Olmeda, G.; Naval, C.; Álvarez Castillo, J. L.; Vázquez Verdera, V. y Sotelino Losada, A. (2017). Diseño y validación de un cuestionario sobre práctica docente y actitud del profesorado universitario hacia la innovación (CUPAIN). Educación XX1, 20(2) escalas de evaluación, contrastadas a través de pruebas estadísticas, para el contexto de la enseñanza universitaria en España. Metodología: A fin de elaborar el modelo de medida se aplicaron tres escalas a 1903 profesoras y profesores de 6 universidades españolas: una escala de práctica docente (18 ítems), otra sobre compromiso social de la Universidad (9 ítems), y una tercera, sobre prácticas docentes innovadoras (11 ítems). Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, además de realizar análisis de ítems y de consistencia interna de la escala. Resultados: La solución resultante ofreció en el caso de la práctica docente una escala final de 12 ítems, distribuidos en tres factores, con índices de ajuste satisfactorios: χ 2 / gl = 8.6; GFI =.96; CFI = .93; RMSEA = .064; SRMR = .039. La segunda de las escalas, unifactorial, con los 9 ítems iniciales, cuenta con una elevada consistencia interna. Y la tercera de las escalas distribuye sus 11 ítems en dos factores que muestran índices de ajuste satisfactorios: χ 2 / gl = 16.34; GFI =.93; CFI = .90; RMSEA = .090; SRMR = .049. Conclusión: Los resultados de los análisis factoriales realizados ofrecen una solución satisfactoria, tanto en la estructura factorial de las escalas como en los niveles de consistencia interna evaluados. Así, el modelo de medida propuesto integra las diversas aportaciones teóricas previas, y ofrece una escala complementaria que puede contribuir al avance de la investigación en ApS y, por extensión, en las Ciencias de la Educación. PALABRAS CLAVEPráctica docente; innovación; universidad; compromiso social; aprendizajeservicio. ABSTRACTIntroduction: The institutionalization of Service-Learning (SL) in Higher Education recommends first an analysis of professors' teaching culture and their attitude towards innovation. This study is aimed at providing an integrative theoretical model by developing three assessment scales, proven through statistical tests, in the context of higher education in Spain. Methodology: In order to elaborate the measurement model, three scales were applied to 1903 male and female teacher from 6 Spanish universities: a scale on teaching practice (18 items), another on social commitment at the University (9 items), and a third one on innovative teaching practices (11 items). The data obtained were subjected to an exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, in addition to the analysis of items and internal consistency of the scale. Results: The resulting solution in the case of the teaching practice provided a final scale of 12 items, organized into three factors, with satisfactory fit indices: χ 2 / gl = 8.6; GFI =.96; CFI =.93; RMSEA =.064; SRMR =.03...

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In the field of the social psychology of prejudice, John Duckitt's Dual-Process Cognitive-Motivational Model of Ideology and Prejudice has gained a firm grounding over the past decade and a half, while empathy has become one of the most powerful predictors of prejudice, alongside right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. This study integrates empathy into the dual-process model, exploring the effects of this variable, along with the impact of personality and ideological attitudes, on prejudice in both its blatant and subtle forms. A cross-sectional research design was used to collect data from 260 university students by self-report measures. Despite its cross-sectional nature, a pattern of causal relationships was hypothesized according to experimental and longitudinal findings from previous studies. The path analysis results show that in the model fitted to the data, empathy does not have any direct impact on prejudice, although it plays a significant role in the prediction of prejudice towards a particular immigrant group. On the other hand, the dual-process model is confirmed in the explanation of blatant prejudice and, in a weaker and indirect way, of subtle prejudice; sustaining the distinctive nature of these constructs on some differential predictors and paths. In the discussion, this study proposes that when ideological and personality-based variables are both included in the model, general empathy is not so robust in the explanation of prejudice, since some of the empathetic components might become diluted among other covariates. But even so, its indirect effectiveness through personality and ideological attitudes remains relevant.

ResumenLa investigación y la práctica relacionadas con el uso de estrategias empáticas en entornos educativos multiculturales se está revelando como una de las más eficaces vías para la lucha contra el sesgo intergrupal. El objeto del presente estudio es diseñar un instrumento de medición de la empatía intercultural en su componente afectivo, específico para la población española y hacia la población de origen marroquí, que permita diagnosticar este rasgo o capacidad antes de aplicar estrategias educativas en entornos multiculturales. Con este propósito se utilizaron dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios para realizar una validación cruzada y, mediante análisis factorial exploratorio (utilizando el software Factor) y confirmatorio (SPSS-AMOS), se obtuvo una estructura de 3 factores: preocupación empática, comprensión y afecto. Los índices de bondad de ajuste, así como la validez y fiabilidad revelada por los análisis multidimensionales, demuestran que el modelo es óptimo. Finalmente se discute la conveniencia de diseñar instrumentos específicos en los que se tenga en consideración el perfil de las poblaciones objeto de estudio en ámbitos multiculturales. Palabras clave:Empatía; comunicación intercultural; validación; sesgo intergrupal AbstractThe research and practice connected to the use of empathic strategies in multicultural educational settings is emerging as one of the most effective ways to combat intergroup bias. The aim of this study is to design an instrument to measure the specific intercultural empathy in its affective component for the Spanish population towards the population of Moroccan origin. Thus, this instrument makes possible the measurement of this feature or capability before implementing educational strategies in multicultural contexts. Therefore, two samples of University students were used to carry out a cross validity study through exploratory (Factor 9.20) and confirmatory factor analysis (SPSS-AMOS). Then, a 3-factor structure was obtained: empathic concern, understanding and affection. The goodness of fit indices, together with the validity and reliability revealed by multidimensional analysis prove that the model is optimal. Eventually, it is discussed the desirability of designing specific instruments that take into account the profile of the populations under this study

One of the most analyzed variables in educational research is prosocial behavior, given its relevance and its application in favor of a culture of peace, the construction of solid democratic societies and the development of social justice. For this reason, it is necessary to extend the knowledge of predictors of prosocial behavior so that they can be transferred to teaching practice. The research reported here was carried out using a quantitative methodology through a survey, based on data collection instruments, whose data were treated statistically by means of descriptive, correlational and predictive analyses. The results obtained suggest that emotional intelligence has a strong predictive capacity for prosocial behavior while executive functions show a mild-moderate predictive behavior. In the conclusions and discussion, we provide a series of arguments on some of the results obtained in contrast with previous literature, as well as incorporating limitations of the study and prospects for future research.

Higher education across the world is currently in the throes of assuming a commitment to diversity. However, certain critical positions maintain that such evolution is still guided by market principles. Within such a context, this paper explores what attention is given to diversity in Spanish university policies and practices and how it relates to key productivity indicators. To do so, a study with a descriptive and correlational design was conducted, based on analysing institutional documents and surveying chief diversity officers, techniques which provided evidence about diversity philosophy and practices, respectively. The results revealed at least an average level of institutionalisation of diversity, although it did not demonstrate, in most of the areas, any association with indicators derived from a consolidated ranking by productivity in Spain. The conclusion is that Spanish universities have adopted an asymmetric dual model, in which neo-liberal ideas maintain their hegemony while, although subordinately, certain innovations have been consolidated in parallel in order to protect a number of vulnerable groups under the rhetoric of equity and social justice.